This paper synthesizes the results of a research study concerning the use of thermal rehabilitation solutions for single family homes achieved with eco-sustainable, natural and efficient materials.These solutions are aimed mainly at people living in rural areas, who have the ability to execute these works themselves using local materials, often considered to be waste, which are discarded or burned.The research has involved a case study carried out on an old building, with special attention given to natural thermal insulation materials – straw, wool, wood shavings, clay, lime, used in various forms, compositions and application solutions.Combined methods of in situ and laboratory research have been used in order to determine the thermo-physical state and behavior of the thermal insulation solutions made with thermally efficient natural materials available locally.The study has sought to emphasize the durability of natural materials under actual exploitation conditions based on a comparative analysis between the state parameters of the buildings and constituent materials, correlated with conditions of comfort, hygiene, health and thermal energy efficiency.The conclusions of this research yield a usage model for traditional, natural materials based on instructions, and usage and exploitation rules, which take advantage of the building tradition as well as of the new knowledge elements, allowing for the development of a built fund with local, renewable resources and with the least possible expenses.