Optimisation of wet chemical silane deposition to improve the interfacial strength of stainless steel/epoxy

Ghosh, Amit; Bertels, Ellen; Goderis, Bart; Smet, Mario; Hemelrijck, Danny Van; Mele, Bruno Van

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.10.075

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(109 reference statements)

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“…A 90/10 (v%/v%) water/methanol ratio was chosen, based on a study by Ghosh et al that evaluated the solvent composition with respect to solution stability and adhesion performance on stainless steel. 3 Wet deposition took place after 1 hour of hydrolysis under continuous stirring. The silane solutions were used at their natural alkaline pH (10.4) during the deposition.…”

Section: Silane Solution Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 The effectiveness of coatings in terms of adhesion can be evaluated using standardized peel or pull-off tests. 2 Although such adhesion tests can indicate whether a varying industrial process parameter leads to improved adhesion or not, 3 these measurements do not provide a thorough understanding of underlying bonding mechanisms. A molecular characterization of interfacial chemistry is required for this purpose, but it is not easily achieved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Characterization of Bonding Interactions at the Buried Steel Oxide–Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane Interface Accessed by Ar Cluster Sputtering

et al. 2020

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The overall performance of any organic coating system on a metal is largely dependent on the primer coating which has the crucial function to ensure adhesion to the metal substrate. Although performance in terms of adhesion can be empirically measured, the underlying chemical adhesion mechanism is dicult to unravel. A detailed molecular characterization of interfacial chemistry is required for this purpose, but brings up the challenge to reach the buried interface without inducing excessive damage to its molecular structure. In this work, argon gas cluster ions are being applied to sputter through an aminosilane coating on steel, in order to access the steel oxide 1 silane interface with time-of-ight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). In-situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements during the sputter process demonstrate the importance of optimizing the Ar gas cluster ion beam in order to minimize sputter induced roughness and molecular damage. ToF-SIMS spectra obtained at the buried steel oxide aminosilane interface accessed by sputtering were compared to spectra from a steel oxide aminosilane interface that was directly accessible without the need for sputtering. This comparison allowed to identify contributions from sputter induced damage in the buried interface spectra. Fragments characteristic for interfacial bonding interactions could be extracted, although there is a signicant loss of molecular information due to sputtering. Nevertheless, insights on the role of steel surface hydroxyl groups in the adsorption mechanism of aminosilanes could be obtained through deuteration of the steel substrate.

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Section: Silane Solution Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of Bonding Interactions at the Buried Steel Oxide–Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane Interface Accessed by Ar Cluster Sputtering

et al. 2020

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“…For steel fibers, N max is taken from dolly tests performed for steel-epoxy adhesion. 25 Tests were performed with two configurations. In the first one, epoxy is cured directly on the steel plate, whereas in the second one, APS ((3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane) surface treatment is applied to the surface of fibers.…”

Section: Modeling Of Damage Behavior and The Determination Of Damage Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro-scale numerical study of fiber/matrix debonding in steel fiber composites

Sabuncuoğlu

Lomov

2020

Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics

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Fiber/matrix debonding behavior of steel fiber composites is analyzed using a parametric finite element modeling procedure and compared with conventional composites with carbon and glass fibers. Cohesive surfaces are applied to fiber–matrix interface to simulate the debonding behavior, while the interface strength properties of steel fiber are obtained with and without surface treatment. The effect of various parameters on the debonding behavior is investigated, including stress concentrations, fiber diameter, fiber shape, and fiber volume fraction, using the parametric model. The influence of stress concentrations is determined to be much lower than the debonding strength. Debonding damage is more evident in larger fibers compared to smaller ones. Earlier and sudden interface separation is observed with the polygonal steel fibers compared to the circular ones. Increase in the fiber volume ratio increases the debonding opening distance but does not affect the opening angle significantly. The results can be useful for assessing possibilities to use steel fibers to increase toughness of the composites in comparison with glass and carbon reinforcement.

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“…The silanes were applied to the fibre surface through a wet chemical deposition procedure that was especially optimized to improve the bonding between epoxy and stainless steel. [5][6][7] First, impurities were removed from the fibre surface. To this end, the fabric was cleaned ultrasonically in ethanol for 15 min.…”

Section: Interface Modificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of matrix toughness and interfacial strength on the toughness of epoxy composites with ductile steel fabric reinforcement

Faes

Rezaei

Paepegem

et al. 2015

Composite Interfaces

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In the last decades, several studies have been performed on polymers reinforced with steel cords or wires. However, the diameter of these steel reinforcements was still quite large (200 μm and more). Recently, stainless steel fibres were developed with a diameter down to 30 μm, which makes it possible to process steel fibre-reinforced composites in a similar way as carbon-or glass fibre-reinforced composites. If a proper combination of the ductile steel fibre and a ductile polymer is chosen, a ductile composite should be achieved. This article reports on the influence of the matrix toughness and the fibre/matrix adhesion strength on the ductility of the resulting steel fibre-reinforced textile composite. Tensile tests have been combined with microscopic analysis to investigate the relation between the mechanical behaviour and the observed damage morphology. It was found that distributed damage increases the toughness in a textile composite, because it softens the transversal structure that interlocks the ductile load-bearing yarns. This explains the counterintuitive observations regarding the influence of the matrix ductility and the fibre/matrix adhesion strength on the composite toughness. It was found that selecting a brittle epoxy matrix can lead to a ductile composite, because of the widely spread and dense cracking pattern that allows more strain on the ductile steel fibres. If the fibre-matrix adhesion is enhanced by introducing a silane coupling agent to the fibre surface, transversal cracks are prevented and the ductility of the composite drops drastically. These results for the textile composites are contrary to earlier findings on the UD and cross-ply counterparts.

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Optimisation of wet chemical silane deposition to improve the interfacial strength of stainless steel/epoxy

Cited by 25 publications

References 45 publications

Molecular Characterization of Bonding Interactions at the Buried Steel Oxide–Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane Interface Accessed by Ar Cluster Sputtering

Molecular Characterization of Bonding Interactions at the Buried Steel Oxide–Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane Interface Accessed by Ar Cluster Sputtering

Micro-scale numerical study of fiber/matrix debonding in steel fiber composites

Influence of matrix toughness and interfacial strength on the toughness of epoxy composites with ductile steel fabric reinforcement

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