2021
DOI: 10.3390/math9040394
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Optimisation of Time-Varying Asset Pricing Models with Penetration of Value at Risk and Expected Shortfall

Abstract: This study aims to apply value at risk (VaR) and expected shortfall (ES) as time-varying systematic and idiosyncratic risk factors to address the downside risk anomaly of various asset pricing models currently existing in the Pakistan stock exchange. The study analyses the significance of high minus low VaR and ES portfolios as a systematic risk factor in one factor, three-factor, and five-factor asset pricing model. Furthermore, the study introduced the six-factor model, deploying VaR and ES as the idiosyncra… Show more

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Cited by 3 publications
(1 citation statement)
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“…Using financial technology to achieve sustainable development goals; [124] three-factor model and five-factor model [125], and other models [126][127][128][129], using machine learning [130,131], artificial intelligence [132,133], and deep learning techniques; • Identify opportunities, gaps, and challenges for implementing and developing regulatory technology.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Using financial technology to achieve sustainable development goals; [124] three-factor model and five-factor model [125], and other models [126][127][128][129], using machine learning [130,131], artificial intelligence [132,133], and deep learning techniques; • Identify opportunities, gaps, and challenges for implementing and developing regulatory technology.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%