Optimisation of the Structure of a Wind Farm—Kinetic Energy Storage for Improving the Reliability of Electricity Supplies

Abstract

An important issue in the correct operation of the power system is the reliability of the electricity supply from generation systems. This particular problem especially concerns renewable sources, the output power of which is variable over time and additionally has a stochastic character. The solution used in the work to improve the reliability indicators of wind farm sources is the partial stabilization of their output power achieved through cooperation with the kinetic energy storage. Excessive increase in storage capacity is associated with a large increase in investment and operating costs. It is therefore important to determine the minimum storage capacity required to maintain the accepted criteria for the reliability of energy supply. In this paper, a population meta-heuristics algorithm was used for this purpose. The obtained results confirm the possibility of limiting the energy capacity of the flywheels, they also indicate its non-linear character as a function of selected parameters of the reliability of energy supplies from wind farms.

Reduction of Power Production Costs in a Wind Power Plant–Flywheel Energy Storage System Arrangement

“…In the article [15], the authors sought, for the optimal number of wind turbines and the size of the cooperating FESS located in a specific location, to supply a known group of individual customers. Such issues coincide with the interests of the authors of the paper, as exemplified by the paper [14]. The construction and selection of parameters of regulators and energy storage system management systems is a frequent issue in the scope of cooperation between WPP-FESS [16][17][18][19][20].…”

“…Furthermore, in many geographical locations, the probability that the v wn wind speed guaranteeing the generation of the rated power is maintained for longer periods of time is low. The characteristics of wind power and the properties of wind turbines mean that wind power plants are treated as intermittent sources of energy, which can introduce hazards to the power system, e.g., deterioration of the rates of reliability of power supply to the system [14,[23][24][25][26][27]. A partial solution to this problem is the use of modern wind energy prediction systems and temporary replacement of wind turbines with other sources, e.g., conventional power plants.…”

“…The main disadvantages of the system are high investment costs and considerations of work safety-the rotating mass rotates at speeds up to tens of thousands of revolutions per minute. Due to the presented advantages, the reminder of the paper will consider the optimisation of a system structure of the wind power plant and flywheel energy storage system (WPP-FESS) [6,8,14].…”

“…With a large variety of types of wind turbines currently in production, a highly efficient selection of a specific model for operation in a specific geographical location should be carried out using methods much more accurate than those recommended in IEC 61400-1. This statement becomes even more important in the case of a complex system, i.e., the combination of a wind turbine and a flywheel energy storage system [6,8,14]. Therefore, the authors propose that, due to the high costs of this type of design and its technical complexity, this task should be carried out with the use of an optimisation algorithm.…”

Supercapacitor fractional model − DAQ-based measurements of frequency characteristics and error computation

“…Supercapacitors are devices mainly used in the field of energy storage [1,2]. They can provide high power storage in a relatively short amount of time [3].…”