Optimisation of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of Trigona honey and propolis using response surface methodology from fermented food products

Abstract

Honey and propolis are honeybee products that are becoming increasingly common as a result of their ability to improve human health. The optimal combination of honey and propolis for total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant capacity were analysed for Trigona honey and propolis aqueous extracts using response surface methodology and a central composite design. The effect of honey (X1: 15 - 16.5 g) and propolis (X2: 13.5 - 15 g) on the total phenolic content (TPC, Y1), total flavonoid content (TFC, Y2), antioxidant capacity (DPPH, Y3; ABTS, Y4), and FRAP (Y5) were tested. The experimental outcomes were adequately fitted into a second-order polynomial model regarding TPC (R2 = 0.9539, p = 0.0002), TFC (R2 = 0.9209, p = 0.0010), antioxidant activity (DPPH, R2 = 0.9529, p = 0.0002; ABTS, R2 = 0.9817, p < 0.0001), and FRAP (R2 = 0.9363, p = 0.0005). The optimal percentage compositions of honey and propolis were 15.26 g (50.43%) and 15 g (49.57%), respectively. The predicted results for TPC, TFC, DPPH (IC50), ABTS, and FRAP were 162.46 mg GAE/100 g, 2.29 mgQE/g, 14.52 mg/mL, 564.27 µMTE/g, and 3.56 mMTE/g, respectively. The experimental outcomes were close to the predicted results: 152.06 ± 0.55 mg GAE/100 g, 2.21 ± 0.05 mg QE/g, 13.85 ± 0.34 mg/mL, 555.22 ± 36.84 µMTE/g, and 3.71 ± 0.02 mMTE/g, respectively. It was observed that the optimal combination of honey and propolis provided the highest antioxidant yield and can be used as functional foods, cosmetics, and medical and pharmacological ingredients.

Optimisation of extrusion conditions for production of antioxidant-rich extruded breakfast cereals from purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) and red rice using response surface methodology

“…Thereafter, the experimental values were compared with the predicted values. The experimental values were reasonably close to the predicted values, with no significant difference (p > 0.05); hence, these results confirmed the suitability and adequacy of the model used (Hagar et al, 2021).…”

Simultaneous Optimization of Extraction Yield, Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Moroccan Propolis Extracts: Improvement of Ultrasound-Assisted Technique Using Response Surface Methodology

“…In addition, water also caused swelling in the propolis matrix, which allows ethanol to penetrate the cell structure of solid particles more easily [47]. The result of the optimized value of TPC (192 mg GAE/g) was important in comparison with that obtained by ultrasoundassisted extraction from Malaysian propolis, which the predicted value of 162.46 mg GAEq/g [48], which was more important than Lithuanian propolis extract obtained by traditional extraction methods [49]. Besides, it was similar to those obtained by the same extraction method for Chinese propolis, where the TPC range was from 166 to 201.07 mgQEq/g [50].…”

Propolis oil extract as an alternative means to the alcoholic extract

“…Studies show that over 12 months in proper storage, propolis maintains its antibacterial activities, and that alcoholic extracts can be stored longer (FAO, 2016;Hagar et al, 2021).…”

“…Extrinsic factors are responsible for affecting the stability of compounds in storage, and consequently their antioxidant activity. Variations in time and temperature conditions must be controlled to protect antioxidant compounds, preventing their loss or decomposition (Hagar et al, 2021).…”