Optimisation of Cruciform Test Specimen for Biaxial Tensile Testing of Sheet Metal

Abstract

One of the most restricting aspects of the biaxial tensile test for sheet metal is the design of the cruciform specimen. Although specimens of the cruciform type have previoussly been investigated quite extensively, no standard geometry for the cruciform specimen exists. Using a specifically designed pantograph apparatus for operation in a standard tensile testing machine, various cruciform specimens were analysed experimentally. Finite element modelling of the specimens was also conducted to establish optimum specimen geometry. Through a process of optimisation, a standard cruciform specimen was designed which can be used to accurately predict the mechanical behaviour of cold rolled low-carbon steel when formed in multiple directions simultaneously.

Experimental investigation on mechanical behavior of silane‐modified polyurethane sealant under biaxial cyclic loading

“…A qualified cruciform specimen requires that the stress distribution is uniform and its failure occurs in the center area of the specimen under cyclic loading. [16][17][18][19][20] The cruciform specimens have been widely used on metal materials to study their multiaxial fatigue behaviors and fatigue failure mechanism. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] Currently, there has been a growing focus on the multiaxial fatigue behaviors and fatigue damage accumulation of polymers and composites due to their increasing application in some important industrial fields.…”

“…Therefore, the design and preparation of a qualified cruciform specimen is paramount for analyzing the multiaxial mechanical behavior of the adhesive. A qualified cruciform specimen requires that the stress distribution is uniform and its failure occurs in the center area of the specimen under cyclic loading 16–20 …”