Optimisation of Copper Oxide Impregnation on Carbonised Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch for Nitric Oxide Removal using Response Surface Methodology

Ahmad, Norhaiza; Yong, Sing Hung; Ibrahim, Naimah; Ali, Umi Fazara Md; Fahmi, Muhammad Ridwan; Ahmad, Razi

doi:10.1051/e3sconf/20183402029

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The adsorption capacity of the sorbent was calculated at equilibrium using Eq. (1) where Qf, yt, mc, C0 and CA represent gas flow rate (L/min), gas molar fraction, mass of the adsorbent loaded in the column (g), the inlet concentration of the gas and gas concentration (mg/L) at breakthrough point, at C/Co=0.05, respectively (Ahmad et al, 2018):…”

Section: Adsorption Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitric oxide removal by zinc chloride activated oil palm empty fruit bunch fibre

Lin¹,

Ibrahim²,

Ahmad³

et al. 2021

Mal. J. Fund. Appl. Sci.

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Nitric oxide (NO) emission is known to pose detrimental effects towards the environment and human beings. Low-temperature NO removal by activated carbon from agricultural waste materials is affordable due to the use of low-cost materials as precursor and elimination of the need for flue gas reheating. The use of chemical agents in activated carbon production improves the performance of waste materials in NO removal. The performance of NO removal was investigated via breakthrough experiment using oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) activated with zinc chloride (ZnCl2) at different concentrations (0.1, 0.5, and 1.5 M). Activation of EFB with 0.5 M ZnCl2 resulted in the formation of well-defined micropores, but the use of higher concentration of ZnCl2 resulted in widening of developed pores and intense pore blockage which reduce the accessibility of NO molecules to the adsorption sites. An adsorption isotherm study conducted using 0.5 M ZnCl2/EFB sample with varying NO concentration between 300-1000 ppm indicated that the adsorption process was best defined by Langmuir isotherm model. In addition, adsorption kinetic was investigated at different temperatures; i.e. 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 °C. NO removal was found to follow Avrami kinetic model at T=100 °C, while upon further increase in temperature, the process was better fitted to the pseudo-second order kinetic model. NO adsorption capacity increases significantly beyond 250 °C up to 1000 mg/g. The activation energy of NO adsorption fell into two distinct regions: -4.73 kJ/mol at 100-200 °C and 84.04 kJ/mol at 200-300 °C. At lower temperature, the adsorption process was exothermic and followed physisorption path, while the increase in reaction temperature led to slower rate of reaction. It was concluded that the removal of NO using EFB modified with ZnCl2 at optimized condition could be a promising alternatives for treating NO-containing flue gas.

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Section: Adsorption Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitric oxide removal by zinc chloride activated oil palm empty fruit bunch fibre

Lin¹,

Ibrahim²,

Ahmad³

et al. 2021

Mal. J. Fund. Appl. Sci.

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“…For breakthrough experiments, 5 g of EFBC sample was placed in the middle of a quartz column reactor with 1.5 cm internal diameter and 25 cm length, while the rest of the empty space was filled with quartz wool. The schematic diagram of the experimental rig for NO breakthrough experiment was already shown in a previous work [28]. Nitric oxide (NO) breakthrough experiment was performed at 100°C using a 100 mL/ min flow of 500 ppm NO, balanced with helium.…”

Section: No Breakthrough Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Carbonisation Temperature on the Surface Pore Characteristics of Acid-Treated Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Activated Carbon

Ahmad

Ibrahim

et al. 2020

Jurnal Teknologi

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Carbonisation process affects the surface physical and chemical properties of an activated carbon. Therefore, this work aims to investigate the influence of carbonisation temperature from 400 to 550°C during activation with 85% phosphoric acid (H3PO4) on the surface pore characteristics of activated carbon produced from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) for nitric oxide (NO) removal from gas streams. Pore and morphological characterisation showed that EFB carbonised at 400°C (EFBC-400) is microporous and has a uniform pore structure with 98% micropore volume. Increasing carbonisation temperature resulted in pore enlargement from 2.8 to 4.7 nm and increment in pore heterogeneity and BET surface area from 215 to 759 m2/g. However, the NO breakthrough experiment indicated that EFBC-400 is more favourable for low-temperature NO removal, due to the importance of microporosity in adsorption of NO. Further study will look at the kinetics of NO removal and the adsorbent regeneration.

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Influence of Hydrogen Pre-treatment at Different Temperatures on Copper Oxide Supported on Carbonised Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (CuO/EFBC) for Low-Temperature Nitric Oxide Removal

Ahmad

Zahari

Ibrahim

2020

Waste Biomass Valor

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Optimisation of Copper Oxide Impregnation on Carbonised Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch for Nitric Oxide Removal using Response Surface Methodology

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

Nitric oxide removal by zinc chloride activated oil palm empty fruit bunch fibre

Nitric oxide removal by zinc chloride activated oil palm empty fruit bunch fibre

Influence of Carbonisation Temperature on the Surface Pore Characteristics of Acid-Treated Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Activated Carbon

Influence of Hydrogen Pre-treatment at Different Temperatures on Copper Oxide Supported on Carbonised Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (CuO/EFBC) for Low-Temperature Nitric Oxide Removal

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