Optimisation of a TV White Space Broadband Market Model for Rural Entrepreneurs

Nleya, Sindiso; Bagula, Antoine; Zennaro, Marco; Pietrosémoli, Ermanno

doi:10.13052/jicts2245-800x.223

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…The problem is modeled as a Stackelberg game where the BS attempts to maximize its profit and the APs want to maximize the QoS of their users. In [329], the same authors build on the work in [328] to provide a more elaborate game theoretic scenario. A game model based on Bertrand duopoly market was adopted in [329], where two primary users (PUs) compete for providing services (in this case TVWS spectrum in rural areas) to secondary users (SUs).…”

Section: B Spectrum and Economical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [329], the same authors build on the work in [328] to provide a more elaborate game theoretic scenario. A game model based on Bertrand duopoly market was adopted in [329], where two primary users (PUs) compete for providing services (in this case TVWS spectrum in rural areas) to secondary users (SUs). The objective is to maximize the profits of the PUs while meeting the QoS constraints of the SUs.…”

Section: B Spectrum and Economical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Key 6G Challenge and Opportunity—Connecting the Base of the Pyramid: A Survey on Rural Connectivity

2020

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Providing connectivity to around half of the world population living in rural or underprivileged areas is a tremendous challenge, but also a unique opportunity. Access to the internet would provide the population living in these areas a possibility to progress on the educational, health, environment, and business levels. In this paper, a survey of technologies for providing connectivity to rural areas, and that can help address this challenge, is provided. Although access/fronthaul and backhaul techniques are discussed in the paper, it is noted that the major limitation for providing connectivity to rural and underprivileged areas is the cost of backhaul deployment. In addition, energy requirements and cost efficiency of the studied technologies are analyzed. In fact, the challenges faced for deploying an electricity network, as a prerequisite for deploying communication networks, are huge in these areas and they are granted an important share of the discussions in this paper. Furthermore, typical application scenarios in rural areas are discussed, and several country-specific use cases are surveyed. The main

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Section: B Spectrum and Economical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Spectrum and Economical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Key 6G Challenge and Opportunity—Connecting the Base of the Pyramid: A Survey on Rural Connectivity

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The problem is modeled as a Stackelberg game where the BS attempts to maximize its profit and the APs want to maximize the QoS of their users. In [255], the same authors build on the work in [254] to provide a more elaborate game theoretic scenario. A game model based on Bertrand duopoly market was adopted in [255], where two primary users (PUs) compete for providing services (in this case TVWS spectrum in rural areas) to secondary users (SUs).…”

Section: Spectrum and Economical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [255], the same authors build on the work in [254] to provide a more elaborate game theoretic scenario. A game model based on Bertrand duopoly market was adopted in [255], where two primary users (PUs) compete for providing services (in this case TVWS spectrum in rural areas) to secondary users (SUs). The objective is to maximize the profits of the PUs while meeting the QoS constraints of the SUs.…”

Section: Spectrum and Economical Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Key 6G Challenge and Opportunity - Connecting the Remaining 4 Billions: A Survey on Rural Connectivity

Yaacoub¹,

Alouini²

2019

Preprint

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DRAFT 4) Hyper Connected: This scenario corresponds to people enjoying state-of-the-art connectivity, e.g., at least 4G and possibly 5G cellular connectivity, and/or with high speed fixed DSL or FTTH or FTTN connectivity. These subscribers typically live in urban areas, and it is extremely difficult to find them in rural areas, due to the numerous barriers discussed previously. This paper surveys the literature aiming to provide basic connectivity to the unconnected population, or aiming to increase the connectivity level of those with basic connectivity ("Under Hence, the challenges for FSO in space are less critical, and indeed significantly better performance can be achieved, especially due to the fact that the optical signal is not traversing the atmosphere. In 2008, an optical inter-satellite link achieved a data rate transmission of 5.6 Gbps for distances up to 5, 000 km in the European Data Relay satellite System (EDRS). Newer terminals can transmit at a data rate of 1.8 Gbps for distances up to 45, 000 km. The intersatellite Ka band link achieved 300 Mbps [44]. In EDRS, LEO satellites relay the data from ground stations to GEO satellites using FSO for the GEO-LEO satellite communication, and RF bands for communication with the ground stations (similarly to the satellite-satellite Ka link, the satellite-ground Ka link achieved 300 Mbps) [44]. Some of the recent satellite constellations discussed in Section II-E, e.g., Starlink, are also expected to use FSO for its inter-satellite communication [45,46,47]. D. HAPs/Drones/UAVs/BalloonsTo solve the coverage problem in large rural areas without relying on the deployment of costly wired infrastructure for backhaul, HAPs and UAVs are generally recommended [48].UAVs are proposed in [49] to provide backhaul connectivity for ground 5G base stations. A steering algorithm to allow the antennas of the UAV and the ground BS to be dynamically steered towards each other is proposed in [49], and tested via an experimental setup. In[50], a multihop network of HAPs is proposed for providing backhaul connectivity to TVWS deployments in rural areas. The HAPs communicate with each other using mmWave frequencies, and with the ground stations using FSO.An interference alignment scheme to maximize the sum-rate capacity of HAPs communicating with GSs is proposed in [51]. The scheme assumes M HAP drones and N GSs, with no CSI at the HAPs. A tethered balloon with (M − 1) × (N − 1) antennas is used as a decode and forward (DF) relay with half-duplex operation: The HAPs transmit their data to the GSs first, then the tethered balloon relays the data after performing pre-coding [51].Aerostats filled with lighter than air gas are tethered to the ground and used to provide connectivity to rural areas in [52]. Although these tethered aerostats can be used to provide backhaul connectivity by communicating with each other using directive antennas, they were also used in [52] to provide fronthaul WiFi access by using high gain omnidirectional antennas.

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Evaluation of TVWS Availability: A Step Towards Frequency Spectrum Utilization

2022

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In this era, there are several multimedia applications have been developed. These multimedia applications occupy more bandwidth, thus resulting in the scarcity of frequency spectrum necessary to cater to the bandwidth requirements of these applications. The scarcity may also stem from the licensed spectrum being under-utilized. The unused licensed frequency spectrum in the TV band is known as TV white space. In the coming years, which are expected to feature improved multimedia applications, the need for optimal frequency spectrum utilization of the unused licensed spectrum becomes necessary. This study evaluates the availability of Television White Space (TVWS) in Ondo State radio vision-television station in Akure, south western Nigeria. Outdoor spectrum measurement was carried out in the frequency bands of the licensed networks ranging from 470 MHz – 960MHz. Measurement and computational approach using tiny spectrum Analyzer and protection viewpoint computational method was used for easy detection and analysis of the unused spectrum as well as calculating the radius of protection of the primary user. The study permits the assessment of Radio Frequency (RF) Spectrum in the UHF band in Akure and its environments, as well as providing measures for harnessing the unused RF resources. The results obtained show that 71.05% of the 38 channels were unused. The rate of spectrum occupancy was discovered to be very low, thus giving room for unused spectrum spaces in the UHF frequency band which can be used to provide security surveillance.

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Optimisation of a TV White Space Broadband Market Model for Rural Entrepreneurs

Cited by 3 publications

References 15 publications

A Key 6G Challenge and Opportunity—Connecting the Base of the Pyramid: A Survey on Rural Connectivity

A Key 6G Challenge and Opportunity—Connecting the Base of the Pyramid: A Survey on Rural Connectivity

A Key 6G Challenge and Opportunity - Connecting the Remaining 4 Billions: A Survey on Rural Connectivity

Evaluation of TVWS Availability: A Step Towards Frequency Spectrum Utilization

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