Optimisation of a solid-phase microextraction method for the determination of parabens in water samples at the low ng per litre level

Canosa, P.; Rodrı́guez, I.; Rubí, E.; Bollaín, M.H.; Cela, R.

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2006.03.045

Cited by 153 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In this study, the levels of target parabens detected in the influent were comparable to those previously reported in South- [28]. However, the concentrations of these parabens in the influent were at least one order of magnitude less than those in Galicia, Spain (MeP: 1926-5138 ng/L; EtP: 452-549 ng/L; PrP: 1147-1302 ng/L; BuP: 150-181 ng/L) [29], and Central Pacific region of Japan (MeP: 2642 ng/L; EtP: 1036 ng/L; PrP: 1393 ng/L; BuP: 52 ng/L) [30].…”

Section: Influentsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Several studies have also reported the occurrences of parabens in secondary effluents from WWTPs with activated sludge treatments. The values in this study were slightly lower than or similar to those reported in North-western Spain (MeP: 6.1-50 ng/L; EtP: ND-9.8 ng/L; PrP: ND-21 ng/L; BuP: ND) [11], and North-eastern part of Switzerland (MeP: 4.6-423 ng/L; EtP: <0.3-17 ng/L; PrP: <0.5-28 ng/L; BuP: 0.2-3.9 ng/L) [10], but were much higher than those found in Spain, where all the parabens were below the MDLs [28].…”

Section: Secondary Effluentmentioning

confidence: 76%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Occurrence, fate and risk assessment of parabens and their chlorinated derivatives in an advanced wastewater treatment plant

Shi

Gao

et al. 2015

Journal of Hazardous Materials

141

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Section: Influentsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Secondary Effluentmentioning

confidence: 76%

Occurrence, fate and risk assessment of parabens and their chlorinated derivatives in an advanced wastewater treatment plant

Shi

Gao

et al. 2015

Journal of Hazardous Materials

141

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“…Due to its high consumption, parabens have been found in various surface water matrices (BENIJTS; LAMBERT; LEENHEER, 2004;JONKERS et al, 2009;VILLAVERDE-DE-SÁA et al, 2010;GORGA;BARCELO, 2013), air and dust samples (CANOSA et al, 2006), soil (FERREIRA; MÖDER; LAESPADA, 2011) and on sewage sludge (LEE; PEART; SVOBODA, 2005;ALBERO et al, 2012a;GASPERI et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another compound found in personal care products is triclosan (5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) -phenol) molecule with bactericides and antimicrobial properties (OKUMURA;NISHIKAWA, 1996;SCHWEIZER, 2001;MCAVOY et al, 2002;SINGER et al, 2002;CANOSA et al, 2006;CHAU;CAI, 2008). Triclosan is also known as its endocrine interference properties (ROUTLEDGE et al, 1998;BYFORD et al, 2002;SONI;CARABIN;BURDOCK, 2005;BOBERG et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and risk assessment of parabens and triclosan in surface waters of southern Brazil: a problem of emerging compounds in an emerging country

Santos

Brehm

Filippe

et al. 2016

RBRH

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Parabens and triclosan compounds are widely used in pharmaceutical products, personal care, food and various products of daily use. After use, the final destinations of these contaminants are domestic effluents and the environment if not collected or treated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of parabens and triclosan in environments in a subtropical region, more specifically in the metropolitan region of Curitiba (southern Brazil) and possible effects of these compounds in aquatic environments through risk assessment through the use of risk quotient (RQ). Samples were collected in 20 points for 4 campaigns. For the extraction of the compounds we used the extraction technique of solid phase extraction (SPE). The determination of the compounds was using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It was observed high concentrations of parabens, especially MeP (up to 2875 ng L -1). Despite high concentrations of parabens, their presence has a low risk to aquatic organisms. Triclosan has been observed at higher concentrations (415 ng L -1 ), suggesting once again that these environments are impacted by human action. The RQ assessed that triclosan has a high risk for certain groups of organisms.Keywords: Emerging pollutants; Risk assessment; Triclosan; Parabens; Domestic sewage. RESUMOParabenos e triclosan são usados amplamente na composição de produtos farmacêuticos, cuidado pessoal, alimentos e diversos produtos de uso cotidiano. Após seu uso, o destino final destes contaminantes são os efluentes domésticos e o meio ambiente, caso não seja coletado ou tratado. A presença destes poluentes emergentes podem apresentar efeitos adversos ao meio ambiente. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência de parabenos e triclosan em ambientes de uma região subtropical, mais especificamente na Região Metropolitana de Curitiba (sul do Brasil) e avaliar possíveis efeitos desses compostos em ambientes aquáticos, através da avaliação de risco através do quociente de risco (QR). Foram coletadas amostras em 20 pontos em rios da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba, durante quatro campanhas. Para a extração dos compostos, foi utilizada a técnica de extração em fase sólida (SPE), com determinação por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (GC-MS). Foram observadas elevadas concentrações de parabenos, especialmente MeP (máximo de 2875 ng L -1 ). Apesar das concentrações elevadas de parabenos a presença dos mesmos apresentou baixo risco para os organismos aquáticos. Quanto ao triclosan, observaram-se também elevadas concentrações (415 ng L -1 ), sugerindo mais uma vez que esses ambientes encontram-se impactados pela ação humana. O valor de QR permitiu avaliar que o triclosan apresentou um elevado risco para certos grupos de organismos.

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“…In the literature, several derivatization strategies are described. Post-extraction derivatization can be performed using alkylation with diazomethane [19] and silylation with bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide or N-methyl-N-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacetamide [20,21]. However, this derivatization procedure involves additional steps which increase the time required for sample preparation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas chromatographic determination of parabens afterin-situderivatization and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction

Prichodko

Janenaite

Šmitienė

et al. 2012

Acta Chromatographica

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Summary. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction in combination with an in situ derivatization is suggested for parabens sampling and preconcentration. The derivatization was carried out with acetic anhydride under alkaline conditions maintained using dipotassium hydrogen phosphate. The effects of an extraction solvent type, extraction and disperser solvents volume, extraction time, and ionic strength of the solution on the extraction efficiency were investigated. Chlorobenzene containing n-hexadecane as internal standard was used as an extracting solvent and acetone was used as a disperser solvent. The calibration graphs were linear up to 10 mg mL −1 , correlation coefficients were 0.997-0.999, enrichment factors were from 70 for methylparaben to 210 for butylparaben, and detection limits were 22, 4.2, 3.3, and 2.5 μg L −1 for methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben, respectively. Repeatabilities of the results were acceptable with relative standard deviations up to 11%. A possibility to apply the proposed method for parabens determination in water samples was demonstrated.

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Optimisation of a solid-phase microextraction method for the determination of parabens in water samples at the low ng per litre level

Cited by 153 publications

References 25 publications

Occurrence, fate and risk assessment of parabens and their chlorinated derivatives in an advanced wastewater treatment plant

Occurrence, fate and risk assessment of parabens and their chlorinated derivatives in an advanced wastewater treatment plant

Occurrence and risk assessment of parabens and triclosan in surface waters of southern Brazil: a problem of emerging compounds in an emerging country

Gas chromatographic determination of parabens afterin-situderivatization and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction

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