Optimisation methods for dispatch and control of energy storage with renewable integration

Abstract

Renewable energy integration is an effective measure to resolve environmental problems and implement sustainable development, yet the volatility of wind and solar generation has a profound impact on power system operation, calling for sufficient backup capacity. Energy storage can shift demand over time and mitigate real‐time power mismatch and thus help integrate renewable energy resources into power grids. However, the unit capacity price of energy storage is still relatively high, and the capacity of energy storage is usually limited. Given the prominent uncertainty and finite capacity of energy storage, it is crucially important to take full advantage of energy storage units by strategic dispatch and control. From the mathematical point of view, energy storage dispatch and control give rise to a sequential decision‐making process involving uncertain parameters and inter‐temporal constraints. Multitudinous optimisation methods have been developed for such a problem while they differ in two aspects: the modelling of uncertainty and the mechanism to handle uncertainty. This review aims to draw a methodological picture of historical developments and state‐of‐the‐art advances in this research field. These methods are subsumed into three major categories: multistage optimisation, online optimisation, and multi‐timescale optimisation. In addition to introducing the advancements and applications, the authors also explain the motivations and theoretical foundations of these methodologies. The authors hope interested readers can attain a holistic outlook of these sophisticated approaches and choose the most appropriate one for their specific applications.

A diversified portfolio of tokenised revenue streams can provide hedging opportunities for renewable electricity generators

“…This represents the percentage of each participating generator owned by the examined generator. The O row vector can be understood as the counterpart of the p vector in Equation (5).…”

“…Such RES generation methods offer environmental and sustainability benefits [5]. However, their production is notably volatile, owing to dependence on fluctuating weather patterns [5,6]. This results in high levels of variance in generator revenue.…”

Multi-stage Robust Scheduling for Community Microgrid with Energy Storage

“…The scheduling of energy storage is a typical multi-stage decision process. In the real application, it is found that nonanticipativity and multi-stage robustness should be considered for multi-stage scheduling problems in recent years and relevant literatures have given some examples to illustrate the serious consequences if these two requirements are not satisfied [8] - [10]. To better explain the two concepts, we note that there is a salient feature in the multi-stage scheduling process that makes the problem completely different from the traditional deterministic optimization.…”

Robust networked power system load frequency control against hybrid cyber attack

“…Load frequency control is one of the essential applications of automatic generation control. However, the structure of the power system is becoming increasingly complex with new energy grid connections and the requirements for security and reliability of power systems are increasing [7][8][9]. Meanwhile, due to its reliance on modern network and communication technology, LFC is exposed to cyber attacks, like denial-of-service (DoS) attacks and deception attack, which will interfere with the control centre's directives for adjustment and could result in severe grid mishaps [10][11][12].…”