Optimisation and significance of ATP analysis for measuring active biomass in granular activated carbon filters used in water treatment

Magic-Knezev, Aleksandra; Kooij, D. van der

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2004.06.017

Cited by 196 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…As shown previously (MagicKnezev and Van der Kooij, 2004), ATP concentration can ranged 25 to 5000 ng ATP per cm 3 in biofilters at different WTP. The results (Table 1) showed that biomass concentration detached from biofilter when biodegradation process was completed and decrease of biodegradation rate constant.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

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Effect of biostimulation on biodegradation of dissolved organic carbon in biological filters

Tihomirova

Briedis

Rubulis

et al. 2012

Drink. Water Eng. Sci.

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Abstract. The addition of labile organic carbon (LOC) to enhance the biodegradation rate of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in biological columns was studied. Acetate standard solution (NaAc) and Luria Bertrani (LB) medium were used as LOC as biostimulants in glass column system used for measurements of biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC). The addition of LOC related with the increase of total DOC in sample. The concentration of BDOC increased up to 7 and 5 times and was utilized after 24 min. contact time. The biodegradation rate constant was increased at least 26 times during adaptation-biostimulation period. There was a strong positive correlation between the biodegradation rate constant and the concentration of BDOC. Biostimulation period ranged from 24 to 53 h for NaAc biostimulant and from 20 to 168 h for LB. The study has shown that LOC could be used as stimulator to enhance the biodegradation rate of DOC during biofiltration.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…The glass beads were removed from the columns and homogenized by shaking for 24 h and reused after. The biomass concentration in all columns was 5.23 × 10 11 cell cm −2 recalculated from adenosine 5-triphosphate (ATP) measurements, according to Magic-Knezev and Van der Kooij (2004).…”

Section: Experimental Design and Sampling Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of biostimulation on biodegradation of dissolved organic carbon in biological filters

Tihomirova

Briedis

Rubulis

et al. 2012

Drink. Water Eng. Sci.

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“…The samples were stored at 4°C and processed within 24 h. The attached biomass at the inside surface was collected by swabbing Ϯ20 cm 2 with three sterile cotton swabs (Copan Innovation, Italy). These swabs were placed in 10 ml phosphate-buffered saline, and the biomass was removed from the swabs by four 2-min sonication steps in a water bath at a frequency of 40 kHz and an average power input of 0.015 W/ml (44). Total ATP concentrations in biofilms and the planktonic phase, representing the active biomass, were determined by ATP analysis as described by Magic-Knezev and van der Kooij (44).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free-Living Protozoa in Two Unchlorinated Drinking Water Supplies, Identified by Phylogenic Analysis of 18S rRNA Gene Sequences

Valster

Wullings

Bakker³

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Free-living protozoan communities in water supplies may include hosts for Legionella pneumophila and other undesired bacteria, as well as pathogens. This study aimed at identifying free-living protozoa in two unchlorinated groundwater supplies, using cultivation-independent molecular approaches. For this purpose, samples (<20°C) of treated water, distributed water, and distribution system biofilms were collected from supply A, with a low concentration of natural organic matter (NOM) (<0.5 ppm of C), and from supply B, with a high NOM concentration (7.9 ppm of C). Eukaryotic communities were studied using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and clone library analyses of partial 18S rRNA gene fragments and a Hartmannella vermiformis-specific quantitative PCR (qPCR). In both supplies, highly diverse eukaryotic communities were observed, including free-living protozoa, fungi, and metazoa. Sequences of protozoa clustered with Amoebozoa (10 operational taxonomic units [OTUs]), Cercozoa (39 OTUs), Choanozoa (26 OTUs), Ciliophora (29 OTUs), Euglenozoa (13 OTUs), Myzozoa (5 OTUs), and Stramenopiles (5 OTUs). A large variety of protozoa were present in both supplies, but the estimated values for protozoan richness did not differ significantly. H. vermiformis was observed in both supplies but was not a predominant protozoan. One OTU with the highest similarity to Acanthamoeba polyphaga, an opportunistic human pathogen and a host for undesired bacteria, was observed in supply A. The high level of NOM in supply B corresponded with an elevated level of active biomass and with elevated concentrations of H. vermiformis in distributed water. Hence, the application of qPCR may be promising in elucidating the relationship between drinking water quality and the presence of specific protozoa.Free-living protozoa are ubiquitous in natural freshwater environments (7,38,51,71) but also proliferate in engineered water systems, including water treatment systems (3,47,70), distribution systems (6, 75), and tap water installations inside buildings (54, 69). Concentrations of protozoa, determined using cultivation methods and microscopy, range from Ͻ1 to 10 4 cells liter Ϫ1 in treated water (3,47,70,75) and from Ͻ1 to 7 ϫ 10 5 cells liter Ϫ1 in distribution systems (6,61,64,75). Genera of free-living protozoa commonly observed in these systems and in tap water installations include Acanthamoeba,

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“…Total concentrations of ATP, representing active biomass, were measured in all water samples as described earlier (27). Buffered charcoalyeast extract (BCYE) agar, incubated at 37°C for 7 days, was used to detect cultivable cells of Legionella spp.…”

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confidence: 99%

Relationships between Free-Living Protozoa, Cultivable Legionella spp., and Water Quality Characteristics in Three Drinking Water Supplies in the Caribbean

Valster

Wullings

Berg

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The study whose results are presented here aimed at identifying free-living protozoa (FLP) and conditions favoring the growth of these organisms and cultivable Legionella spp. in drinking water supplies in a tropical region. Treated and distributed water (؎30°C) of the water supplies of three Caribbean islands were sampled and investigated with molecular techniques, based on the 18S rRNA gene. The protozoan host Hartmannella vermiformis and cultivable Legionella pneumophila were observed in all three supplies. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with the highest similarity to the potential or candidate hosts Acanthamoeba spp., Echinamoeba exundans, E. thermarum, and an Neoparamoeba sp. were detected as well. In total, 59 OTUs of FLP were identified. The estimated protozoan richness did not differ significantly between the three supplies. In supply CA-1, the concentration of H. vermiformis correlated with the concentration of Legionella spp. and clones related to Amoebozoa predominated (82%) in the protozoan community. These observations, the low turbidity In tropical regions, the water temperature in drinking water distribution system is permanently about 30°C (4). In these regions, free-living protozoa (FLP), serving as hosts for pathogenic bacteria, including Acanthamoeba spp. (1, 38), Hartmannella spp. (37), and Naegleria spp. (38, 49), have been observed in surface water, wastewater, cooling towers, and drinking water (3,5,19,45). Certain FLP with pathogenic properties, viz. Acanthamoeba spp. (9, 21), Balamuthia mandrillaris (54), and Naegleria fowleri (59), can proliferate in drinking water-related biofilms at elevated temperatures (36). In addition, Legionella pneumophila, the main etiologic agent of Legionnaires' disease (12), which proliferates in freshwater at temperatures above 25°C (57), is frequently observed in these environments (14,31,39).FLP in aquatic environments feed on bacteria, fungi, other protozoa, and organic detritus in biofilms and sediments or in the planktonic phase (32). The abundance of prey organisms and detritus depends on the water composition and the hydraulic conditions in distribution systems, which therefore also affect both the FLP abundance and community composition (52, 55). Most information on community composition and abundance of FLP in freshwater environments has been obtained by using cultivation methods and microscopy. Recently, however, the presence and identities of such organisms in drinking water supplies in temperate regions have been studied by using molecular methods for detection and identification (33, 51). In two groundwater supplies in the Netherlands a total of 127 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of FLP were identified based on their 18S rRNA gene sequences. FLP, mostly pathogens, have been characterized in only a few studies in tropical regions (3,5,19). In recent reviews it was concluded that more research is needed to determine which factors favor the growth of these organisms in water supplies (47,48).Cases of Legionnaires' disease have been reporte...

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Optimisation and significance of ATP analysis for measuring active biomass in granular activated carbon filters used in water treatment

Cited by 196 publications

References 21 publications

Effect of biostimulation on biodegradation of dissolved organic carbon in biological filters

Effect of biostimulation on biodegradation of dissolved organic carbon in biological filters

Free-Living Protozoa in Two Unchlorinated Drinking Water Supplies, Identified by Phylogenic Analysis of 18S rRNA Gene Sequences

Relationships between Free-Living Protozoa, Cultivable Legionella spp., and Water Quality Characteristics in Three Drinking Water Supplies in the Caribbean

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