OPTIMAM Image Simulation Toolbox - Recent Developments and Ongoing Studies

Elangovan, Premkumar; Hadjipanteli, Andria; Mackenzie, Alistair; Dance, David R.; Young, Kenneth C.; Wells, Kevin

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-41546-8_83

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Those based on breast CT images are anatomically correct for large scale features but have lost the high spatial frequencies due to the limited spatial resolution of the imaging system. In this study, realistic mathematical breast phantoms were created using a method described by Elangovan et al (2016aElangovan et al ( , 2016b. Radiologists found it difficult to distinguish between small areas of images calculated using these phantoms and the same-sized areas from real mammograms and DBT images.…”

Section: Mathematical Breast Phantommentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of system geometry and dose on the threshold detectable calcification diameter in 2D-mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis

Hadjipanteli¹,

Elangovan²,

Mackenzie³

et al. 2017

Phys. Med. Biol.

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Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is under consideration to replace or to be used in combination with 2D-mammography in breast screening. The aim of this study was the comparison of the detection of microcalcification clusters by human observers in simulated breast images using 2D-mammography, narrow angle (15°/15 projections) and wide angle (50°/25 projections) DBT. The effects of the cluster height in the breast and the dose to the breast on calcification detection were also tested. Simulated images of 6 cm thick compressed breasts were produced with and without microcalcification clusters inserted, using a set of image modelling tools for 2D-mammography and DBT. Image processing and reconstruction were performed using commercial software. A series of 4-alternative forced choice (4AFC) experiments was conducted for signal detection with the microcalcification clusters as targets. Threshold detectable calcification diameter was found for each imaging modality with standard dose: 2D-mammography: 2D-mammography (165 ± 9 µm), narrow angle DBT (211 ± 11 µm) and wide angle DBT (257 ± 14 µm). Statistically significant differences were found when using different doses, but different geometries had a greater effect. No differences were found between the threshold detectable calcification diameters at different heights in the breast. Calcification clusters may have a lower detectability using DBT than 2D imaging.

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Section: Mathematical Breast Phantommentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of system geometry and dose on the threshold detectable calcification diameter in 2D-mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis

Hadjipanteli¹,

Elangovan²,

Mackenzie³

et al. 2017

Phys. Med. Biol.

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“…The images can be synthesised by either inserting simulated cancer pathology (Shaheen et al 2010, Rashidnasab et al 2013a, 2013b into clinical images (Elangovan et al 2014) or by inserting into a complete simulated breast (Li et al 2009, Bliznakova et al 2003, Graff 2016, Bakic et al 2002a, 2002b, Elangovan et al 2017. The image acquisition process and associated image formation and degradation processes are modelled using specialized tools to mimic the system or technology under consideration (Elangovan et al 2016, Mackenzie et al 2012, 2014. These tools are then validated for clinical realism by means of observer studies or quantitative metrics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was accomplished using the OPTIMAM VCT Toolbox (Elangovan et al 2014(Elangovan et al , 2016 whereby breast models that contain realistic anatomical breast structures (Elangovan et al 2017) and a set of validated synthetic mass lesions (Rashidnasab et al 2013a(Rashidnasab et al , 2013b were used to create detection tasks across a range of target sizes and contrast levels. Validated VCT modelling tools were used to model various image formation and degradation processes for the Hologic Selenia Dimensions 3D system (Hologic Inc., Bedford, Massachusetts, USA) including system geometry, noise, blur and scatter (Elangovan et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lesion detectability in 2D-mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis using different targets and observers

et al. 2018

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This work investigates the detection performance of specialist and non-specialist observers for different targets in 2D-mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) using the OPTIMAM virtual clinical trials (VCT) Toolbox and a 4-alternative forced choice (4AFC) assessment paradigm. Using 2D-mammography and DBT images of virtual breast phantoms, we compare the detection limits of simple uniform spherical targets and irregular solid masses. Target diameters of 4 mm and 6 mm have been chosen to represent target sizes close to the minimum detectable size found in breast screening, across a range of controlled contrast levels. The images were viewed by a set of specialist observers (five medical physicists and six experienced clinical readers) and five non-specialists. Combined results from both observer groups indicate that DBT has a significantly lower detectable threshold contrast than 2D-mammography for small masses (4 mm: 2.1% [DBT] versus 6.9% [2D]; 6 mm: 0.7% [DBT] versus 3.9% [2D]) and spheres (4 mm: 2.9% [DBT] versus 5.3% [2D]; 6 mm: 0.3% [DBT] versus 2.2% [2D]) (p < 0.0001). Both observer groups found spheres significantly easier to detect than irregular solid masses for both sizes and modalities (p < 0.0001) (except 4 mm DBT). The detection performances of specialist and non-specialist observers were generally found to be comparable, where each group marginally outperformed the other in particular detection tasks. Within the specialist group, the clinical readers performed better than the medical physicists with irregular masses (p < 0.0001). The results indicate that using spherical targets in such studies may produce over-optimistic detection thresholds compared to more complex masses, and that the superiority of DBT for detecting masses over 2D-mammography has been quantified. The results also suggest specialist observers may be supplemented by non-specialist observers (with training) in some types of 4AFC studies.

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“…The OPTIMAM image simulation framework was then used to simulate 2D and DBT X-ray images of the breast model (Elangovan et al , 2016. Finally, the radiological images were diced into segments as required for AFC studies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and validation of realistic breast models for use in multiple alternative forced choice virtual clinical trials

et al. 2017

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A novel method has been developed for generating quasi-realistic voxel phantoms which simulate the compressed breast in mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT). The models are suitable for use in virtual clinical trials requiring realistic anatomy which use the multiple alternative forced choice (AFC) paradigm and patches from the complete breast image. The breast models are produced by extracting features of breast tissue components from digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) clinical images including skin, adipose and fibro-glandular tissue, blood vessels and Cooper's ligaments. A range of different breast models can then be generated by combining these components. Visual realism was validated using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) study of patches from simulated images calculated using the breast models and from real patient images. Quantitative analysis was undertaken using fractal dimension and power spectrum analysis. The average areas under the ROC curves for 2D and DBT images were .51±.06 and .54±.09 demonstrating that simulated and real images were statistically indistinguishable by expert breast readers (7 observers); errors represented as one standard error of the mean. The average fractal dimensions (2D, DBT) for real and simulated images were (2.72±.01, 2.75±.01) and (2.77±.03, 2.82±.04) respectively; errors represented as one standard error of the mean. Excellent agreement was found between power spectrum curves of real and simulated images, with average β values (2D, DBT) of (3.10±.17, 3.21±.11) and (3.01±.32, 3.19±.07) respectively; errors represented as one standard error of the mean. These results demonstrate that radiological images of these breast models realistically represent the complexity of real breast structures and can be used to simulate patches from mammograms and DBT images that are indistinguishable from patches from the corresponding real breast images. The method can generate about 500 radiological patches (~30mm x 30mm) per day for AFC experiments on a single workstation. This is the first study to quantitatively validate the realism of simulated radiological breast images using direct blinded comparison with real data via the ROC paradigm with expert breast readers. Page 1 of 16AUTHOR SUBMITTED MANUSCRIPT -PMB-104914. R2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 KeywordsVirtual clinical trials, breast model, breast phantom, synthetic breast, image simulation, 2D-mammography, digital breast tomosynthesis.

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OPTIMAM Image Simulation Toolbox - Recent Developments and Ongoing Studies

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

The effect of system geometry and dose on the threshold detectable calcification diameter in 2D-mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis

The effect of system geometry and dose on the threshold detectable calcification diameter in 2D-mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis

Lesion detectability in 2D-mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis using different targets and observers

Design and validation of realistic breast models for use in multiple alternative forced choice virtual clinical trials

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