Optimally oriented grooves on dental implants improve bone quality around implants under repetitive mechanical loading

Abstract

Although the paradigm of bone quality has shifted from density-based assessments to structural evaluations of bone, clarifying bone quality based on structural bone evaluations remains challenging in implant dentistry. In this study, we firstly demonstrated that the optimal design of dental implant necks improved bone quality defined as osteocytes and the preferential alignment degree of biological apatite c-axis/collagen fibers using light microscopy, polarized light microscopy, and a microbeam X-ray diffractometer system, after application of controlled mechanical load. Our new findings suggest that bone quality around dental implants could become a new clinical parameter as well as bone mineral density in order to completely account for bone strength in implant dentistry.

A paradigm shift for bone quality in dentistry: A literature review

“…In our study using dental implants, mechanical repetitive loading improved bone architecture by upregulation of osteocyte number and dendrite processes with preferential alignment of BAp c-axis/collagen fibers [22,125]. Moreover, we also demonstrated that preferential alignment of osteocytes is in accordance with the principal direction of mechanical load in an animal model using hip implants [96].…”

“…Grooved structures at a certain angle on implant surface were confirmed to successfully induce preferential BAp/collagen orientation [22,96] which continuously changed from inside the groove to the host bone through the bone tissue inside the groove (Fig. 5).…”

“…In addition, Ishimoto et al clearly demonstrated that degree of BAp orientation is more strongly correlated with bone strength than BMD using a regenerative bone defect model in rabbit ulna [21]. Kuroshima et al demonstrated that osteocytes, BAp, and collagen fibers could become new clinical parameters to evaluate bone quality in implant dentistry [22], suggesting that understanding bone quality is clinically relevant.…”

Crystallographic Orientation Control of 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel via Selective Laser Melting

“…24,25) Sound loading plays an important role not only in the maintenance of bone mass but also in that of bone quality, 26,27) therefore, the stress shielding should be avoided. 28,29) Polycrystalline-form 316L SS shows the Young's modulus of ~200 GPa, 30) which is much higher than the modulus of bone (~30 GPa). Meanwhile, single-crystalline 316L SS shows anisotropy in the Young's modulus; the lowest modulus was reported to be below 100 GPa along < 001 > .…”

In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Titanium Surface Modification for Biological Aging by Electrolytic Reducing Ionic Water

“…Active new bone formation was observed around the Ti disk in the S-100 group compared with that in the Control group. To acquire sufficient osseointegration of implant surface, appropriate bone quality, fixture microstructure, and bone bioactivity are important [22][23][24][25]. In this study, mirror-polished titanium discs were placed in insufficient areas of cancellous bone.…”