Optimally combined application of organic and chemical fertilizers increases grain yield and improves rhizosphere microecological properties in rice ratooning

Abstract

Field tests were conducted at experimental station of Chongluo, Nanping city, Fujian province, China in 2018–2019 to explore the action and physiological mechanism of organic nitrogen in rice ratooning under the configurations with different proportions of organic and inorganic nitrogen. The results showed that sole chemical fertilizer (CF) led to a significant decrease in soil nutrient availability, especially at late growth stage, and reduced grain yield of the main and ratooning crops compared with the optimal fertilizer configuration (GM2) in 30% organic nitrogen with 70% chemical nitrogen fertilizer in the premise of total application rate at 225 kg N/ha. Further studies have revealed that GM2 relative to CF treatment promoted to produce more productive panicles of the main crop and had carryover effect on the regeneration rate of ratooning rice due to national C13‐assimilates partitioning in rice–rhizosphere systems, which resulted in increased soil microbial diversity and soil fertility, thereby enhanced yields of the main and ratooning rice crops. These findings help to better understand the action and mechanism of the proper combined application of organic and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer via improving remobilization of 13C assimilates in rice–rhizosphere system, and ultimately increasing grain yield in rice ratooning.

Increasing silage maize yield and nitrogen use efficiency as a result of combined rabbit manure and mineral nitrogen fertilization

“…Mineralization of organic compounds from these fertilizers, spread out over time, causes the gradual release of nitrogen in available forms, which enables a regular supply of this macronutrient to plants. In the case of chemical fertilizers, the entire pool of nitrogen is usually available for plants immediately after their application, but decreases significantly in the later stage of their growth 29 . This is the result of nitrogen being taken up by plants and dissipated in the environment.…”

One-time fertilization of controlled-release urea with compound fertilizer and rapeseed cake maintains rice grain yield and improves nitrogen use efficiency under reduced nitrogen conditions

“…Additionally, we replaced 20% of inorganic N fertilizer with organic fertilizer to achieve reduced inorganic N fertilizer management in rice production. Previous studies had reported that the combined application of organic and chemical N fertilizers improved rice production and promoted N accumulation and use ( Zhang et al., 2018 ; Lin et al., 2023 ). The fertilizer of rapeseed cake (RC) is one of the important organic fertilizers that can increase grain yield and NUE by improving soil organic matter and the abundance of microorganisms in the soil ( Zhou TY.…”