Optimal watermark embedding combining spread spectrum and quantization

Abstract

This paper presents an optimal watermark embedding method combining spread spectrum and quantization. In the method, the host signal vector is quantized to embed a multiple-bit watermark, and meanwhile, the quantized signal is made to locate in the detectable region defined in the context of spread spectrum watermarking. Under the two constraints, the optimal watermarked signal is derived in the sense of minimizing the embedding distortion. The proposed method is further implemented in wavelet transform domain, where the insensitive wavelet coefficients are selected according to the modified human visual model for watermark embedding. Simulations on real images by using the wavelet-based implementations demonstrate the proposed method performs very well in both watermark imperceptibility and robustness and is more robust to typical signal processes, e.g., additive noise, JPEG compression, etc., as compared with the state-of-the-art watermarking methods.

An Image Watermark Insertion and Extraction Method Based on EDA-PSO

“…Step3 (watermarking embedding): calculating the greatest perceptual threshold value for each sub-block by Watson model and record its position Bk(row, column); obtaining embedding formulas (10) and (11) by the principle of embedding one subblock w' to one DCT block and the general embedding method. In formula (11), where I(i,j,k)(row, column) is the pixel of the optimal embedding position in the carrier image after DCT transform; a is the watermark strength, determined by the above EDA-PSO algorithm.…”

“…Experimental results on test images demonstrate that the proposed approach can provide better imperceptibility and robustness. Zhu Xin-Shan and others [10] proposed an optimal watermark embedding method combining spread spectrum and quantization. Simulations on real images by using the wavelet-based implementations demonstrate the proposed method performs very well in both watermark imperceptibility and robustness .Jero, Edward S. and others [11] proposed that ECG Steganography ensures protection of patient data when ECG signals embedded with patient data are transmitted over the internet.…”

Secure Watermarking Schemes and Their Approaches in the IoT Technology: An Overview

“…Removal attacks aim to remove the watermarking data from the watermarking object. Based on these attacks, watermarking represents an additional noise of signals, which are present within the host's signal [79,80].…”