Optimal treatment regimen for CAPD peritonitis caused by Rhodococcus species

Tarng, S.; Lo, C.; Lo, Wen-Ching; Chan, TM; Hoque, Saiful; Cunningham, Joan

doi:10.1093/ndt/12.5.1080

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…A proposed antibiotic regimen is a prolonged course of rifampicin and erythromycin, which act synergistically against Rhodococcus spp. ; the exact treatment duration remains uncertain (51). Catheter removal was necessary in three of the 11 cases and one death was reported, following secondary Candida parasilosis and mixed peritonitis (50).…”

Section: Infectious Organisms Shared By Animals and Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pets-Related Peritonitis in Peritoneal Dialysis: Companion Animals or Trojan Horses?

Broughton

Verger

Goffin

2010

Seminars in Dialysis

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Infectious peritonitis is still a major concern in peritoneal dialysis (PD). Standard antibiotic regimens target common causative microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus and epidermidis or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. When the infection does not respond, unusual infective agents are to be considered including zoonoses-infections with an animal source. Companion animals or occupations involving animal contact favor the development of zoonoses, especially for immunocompromised patients such as those with end-stage renal disease. We reviewed the literature for all animals-related peritonitis in PD and analyzed data from our own PD unit and from the French-speaking registry for peritoneal dialyis (RDPLF) to assess both the frequency and the potential risk for PD patients in owning a pet or to working with animals. In a literature search, we identified 124 cases of PD peritonitis caused by 12 different zoonotic agents. Animals were involved in 24% of the cases. Overall mortality rate was 13.5% and Tenckhoff catheters had to be removed in 27% of the cases. The results from RDPLF analysis show that zoonotic microorganisms were responsible for 0.54% of the peritonitis episodes (51 out of a total of 9433 during a 9-year period). In our unit, zoonotic microorganisms were responsible for 0.03% of the peritonitis episodes (four out of a total of 128 during a 9-year period). Considering those results, some specific treatment recommendations can be made, but the major factor still remains prevention, by insisting on strict hygenic measures when a PD patient owns a pet.

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Section: Infectious Organisms Shared By Animals and Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pets-Related Peritonitis in Peritoneal Dialysis: Companion Animals or Trojan Horses?

Broughton

Verger

Goffin

2010

Seminars in Dialysis

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“…Bacteria from the skin flora and environmental microbes entering the peritoneal cavity through the catheter is the most common cause of infection [ 20 ]. There are few reports of PD-associated peritonitis caused by Rhodocuccus spp., including R. equi, R. erythropolis and R. bronchialis [ 4 , 5 , 21 – 23 ]. We report the first clinical PD-associated peritonitis caused by R. kroppenstedtii which was identified by WGS and ANI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…R. equi is the most described human pathogen which causes pneumonia in immunocompromised humans [ 1 – 3 ], while few case reports about Rhodococcus spp. causing peritonitis were reported [ 4 , 5 ]. Extrapulmonary infection was reported including brain abscess, complicated skin and soft tissue infection, bloodstream infection, lymphadenitis, and pericarditis [ 1 , 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case of peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis caused by Rhodococcus kroppenstedtii

et al. 2021

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Background Rhodococcus kroppenstedtii is an aerobic, gram-positive bacterium firstly identified in the environment, which has not been reported in human-related infection. Herein, we reported the first case of peritoneal dialysis (PD)-associated peritonitis caused by R. kroppenstedtii which was identified by whole genome sequencing. Case presentation A 69-year-old man was admitted to hospital with abdominal pain and fever. Over the last 2 years, he had been undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) due to end-stage renal disease. Clinical symptom and sign in combination with laboratory examinations supported the clinical diagnosis of PD-associated peritonitis. Thus, ceftizoxime and teicoplanin were empirically used after PD effluent was collected for bacterial culture. A gram-positive bacterium was found from the PD effluent culture, which could not be identified by either Vitek 2 Compact ANC card or matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The strain was finally confirmed to be R. kroppenstedtii by whole genome sequencing (WGS) through the average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis. With a continuous treatment with teicoplanin and imipenem for 15 days and intraperitoneal catheter removed, the infection symptom was improved evidenced by a normal body temperature, also with white blood cell count (WBC), procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) dropped to normal levels. Peritoneal dialysis effluent culture showed a negative result. Then, hemodialysis and arteriovenous fistula angioplasty were performed, but the patient developed a progressive blood pressure loss, accompanied by multiple organ disorder, and died on Feb 25, 2020. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time to report a peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis caused by R. kroppenstedtii which was identified by average nucleotide identity analysis based on WGS.

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“…Agents used include aminoglycosides, erythromycin, imipenem, quinolones, rifampicin and vancomycin; linezolid may also be efficacious (Conville & Witebsky, 2007). Use of penicillins should be avoided despite initial demonstration of in vitro susceptibility because resistance has been shown to develop rapidly during therapy (Tang et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhodococcus erythropolis septicaemia in a patient with acute lymphocytic leukaemia

Park

Jang

et al. 2011

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Rhodococcus erythropolis rarely causes infection in humans. We report the second case of R. erythropolis septicaemia in a 7-year-old child. However, to our knowledge it is the first case in a patient with acute lymphocytic leukaemia who had been undergoing chemotherapy. The identification was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Even though R. erythropolis is rarely associated with human infections, it should be considered as a potential causative agent of bacteraemia, rather than overlooked as a contaminant.

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Optimal treatment regimen for CAPD peritonitis caused by Rhodococcus species

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Pets-Related Peritonitis in Peritoneal Dialysis: Companion Animals or Trojan Horses?

Pets-Related Peritonitis in Peritoneal Dialysis: Companion Animals or Trojan Horses?

A case of peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis caused by Rhodococcus kroppenstedtii

Rhodococcus erythropolis septicaemia in a patient with acute lymphocytic leukaemia

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