Optimal Thresholding of Predictors in Mineral Prospectivity Analysis

Abstract

Some methods for analysing mineral prospectivity, especially the Weights of Evidence technique, require the predictor variables to be binary values. When the original evidence data are numerical values, such as geochemical indices, they can be converted to binary values by thresholding. When the evidence layer is a spatial feature such as a geological fault system, it can be converted to a binary predictor by buffering at a suitable cutoff distance. This paper reviews methods for selecting the best threshold or cutoff value, and compares their performance. The review covers techniques which are well-known in prospectivity analysis as well as unfamiliar techniques borrowed from other literature. Methods include maximisation of the estimated contrast, Studentised contrast, χ 2 test statistic, Youden criterion, statistical likelihood, Akman-Raftery criterion, and curvature of the capture-efficiency curve. We identify connections between the different methods, and we highlight a common technical error in their application. Simulation experiments indicate that the Youden criterion has the best performance for selection of the threshold or cutoff value, assuming that a simple binary threshold relationship truly holds. If the relationship between predictor and prospectivity is more complicated, then the likelihood method is the most easily adaptable. The weights-of-evidence contrast performs poorly overall. These conclusions are supported by our analysis of data from the Murchison goldfields, Western Australia. We also propose a bootstrap method for calculating standard errors and confidence intervals for the location of the threshold.

Mapping Canada’s Green Economic Pathways for Battery Minerals: Balancing Prospectivity Modelling With Conservation and Biodiversity Values

“…Based on the Youden Index (Baddeley and Brown, 2021) threshold (Supplementary Figure S3), we demonstrate that approximately 16% of the most prospective H3 cells partially overlap with the existing protected network as defined by the CPAD. The vast majority of these protected and prospective H3 cells occur in smaller and mostly isolated conservation areas in southern Quebec (43%), southern Ontario (30%), Northwest Territories (6%) and parts of Labrador (6%).…”