“…Hemodiafiltration (HDF) can efficiently remove uremic toxins, from low-molecular-weight to large-molecular-weight substances, by using a combination of diffusion and convection [1,2,3]. More specifically, the benefits of HDF can be best utilized and good therapeutic efficacy achieved in the treatment of insomnia, pruritus, irritability, restless legs syndrome (RLS), anemia, dialysis amyloidosis (DA), etc., when removal performance of low-molecular-weight protein (LMWP) is improved [4,5,6,7].…”