“…Nowadays, there are still various scholars to study these issues; see for example Aguiar and Hespanha (2007), Ashrafiuon et al (2008), Bi et al (2010), Cheng et al (2007), Do et al (2002Do et al ( , 2005Do et al ( , 2004, Jiang (2002), Kaminer et al (1998), McNinch et al (2009, Pettersen and Egeland (1999), Prasanth Kumar et al (2007), Raimondi and Melluso (2010), Papadopoulos, 2005 (2007), Sanyal et al (2011), Wang et al (2015Wang et al ( , 2012, Yu et al (2012). Brockett's theorem (Brockett, 1983) indicates that any smooth or continuous time-invariant feedback control law does not make the solution of the underactuated vehicle dynamics asymptotically stable.…”