Optimal source to detector separation for extracting sub-dermal chromophores in fiber optic diffuse reflectance spectroscopy: a simulation study

Sujatha, N.; Nivetha, K. Bala; Singhal, Anupam

doi:10.1117/12.2048869

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“… 33 Moreover, the goal was to determine which SDS configuration and wavelengths of light would be most appropriate. Although the effect of fiber probe design has been widely studied for diffuse optical tomography applications, 19 – 21 we are unaware of any other theoretical and experimental study to explore the specific problem of diffuse fluorescence measurement from a single cell in bulk tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous work in the near-infrared spectroscopy (functional NIRS) fields have extensively studied the effect of different fiber probe geometries on the optical sensitivity of human tissue. 18 In particular, NIRS and diffuse optical tomography (DOT) frequently use larger source and detector separations (SDS) to probe deeper tissue volumes, 19 – 21 e.g., in the brain. 22 , 23 Biological tissue is a high albedo medium, meaning that scattering strongly dominates absorption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Signal and measurement considerations for human translation of diffuse in vivo flow cytometry

et al. 2022

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. Significance: “Diffuse in vivo flow cytometry” (DiFC) is an emerging technology for fluorescence detection of rare circulating cells directly in large deep-seated blood vessels in mice. Because DiFC uses highly scattered light, in principle, it could be translated to human use. However, an open question is whether fluorescent signals from single cells would be detectable in human-scale anatomies. Aim: Suitable blood vessels in a human wrist or forearm are at a depth of to 4 mm. The aim of this work was to study the impact of DiFC instrument geometry and wavelength on the detected DiFC signal and on the maximum depth of detection of a moving cell. Approach: We used Monte Carlo simulations to compute fluorescence Jacobian (sensitivity) matrices for a range of source and detector separations (SDS) and tissue optical properties over the visible and near infrared spectrum. We performed experimental measurements with three available versions of DiFC (488, 640, and 780 nm), fluorescent microspheres, and tissue mimicking optical flow phantoms. We used both computational and experimental data to estimate the maximum depth of detection at each combination of settings. Results: For the DiFC detection problem, our analysis showed that for deep-seated blood vessels, the maximum sensitivity was obtained with NIR light (780 nm) and 3-mm SDS. Conclusions: These results suggest that—in combination with a suitable molecularly targeted fluorescent probes—circulating cells and nanosensors could, in principle, be detectable in circulation in humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signal and measurement considerations for human translation of diffuse in vivo flow cytometry

et al. 2022

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“…Moreover, the goal was to determine which SDS configuration and wavelengths of light would be most appropriate. Although the effect of fiber probe design has been widely studied for diffuse optical tomography applications [17][18][19] , we are unaware of any other theoretical and experimental study to explore the specific problem of diffuse fluorescence measurement from a single cell in bulk tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous work in the near-infrared spectroscopy (functional NIRS) fields have extensively studied the effect of different fiber probe geometries on the optical sensitivity of human tissue 16 . In particular, NIRS and diffuse optical tomography (DOT) frequently use larger source-detector separations to probe deeper tissue volumes [17][18][19] , for example in the brain 20,21 . However, it is unclear to what degree this approach is applicable for the specific DiFC detection problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signal and Measurement Considerations for Human Translation of Diffuse in vivo Flow Cytometry

Ivich

Pace

Williams

et al. 2022

Preprint

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SignificanceDiffuse in vivo flow cytometry (DiFC) is an emerging technology for fluorescence detection of rare circulating cells directly in large deep-seated blood vessels in mice. Because DiFC uses highly scattered light, in principle it could be translated to human use. However, an open question is whether fluorescent signals from single cells would be detectable in human-scale anatomies.AimSuitable blood vessels in a human wrist or forearm are at a depth of approximately 2-4 mm. The aim of this work was to study the impact of DiFC instrument geometry and wavelength on the detected DiFC signal and on the maximum depth of detection of a moving cell.ApproachWe used Monte Carlo simulations to compute Jacobian (sensitivity) matrices for a range of source-detector separations and tissue optical properties over the visible and near infrared (NIR) spectrum. We performed experimental measurements with three available versions of DiFC (488 nm, 640 nm, and 780 nm), fluorescent microspheres, and tissue mimicking optical flow phantoms. We used both computational and experimental data to estimate the maximum depth of detection at each combination of settings.Results and ConclusionsFor the DiFC detection problem, our analysis showed that for deep-seated blood vessels, the maximum sensitivity was obtained with NIR light (780 nm) and 3 mm source-and-detector separation. These results suggest that - in combination with a suitable molecularly targeted fluorescent probes - circulating cells and nanosensors could in principle be detectable in circulation in humans.

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“…With the rapid development of Biosensors and Bioelectronics and fMRI, the precise request for OD measurement is changing. The measurement range has expanded and the precision has improved at the same time [17][18][19][20][21][22]. In many requirements, it should be measurable up to 6.0.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Diffuse Optics Emitter for High Visual Diffuse Transmission Density Measurement

Liu

Jiang

et al. 2019

Applied Sciences

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In visual diffuse transmission density measurement, it is hard to measure optical density (OD) up to 6.0 because the signal to noise is more than 10E-06. Thus, there are only two methods to find the measurement. One is using a highly sensitive detector with low background noise, and the other is improving the incident light flux with a wide spectrum, including visual scope. A new diffuse optics emitter was designed to realize OD measurements up to 6.0. It uses 235 optical fibers on a hemisphere to collect and feed in the incident flux, then emits this flux by a diffuse opal. Thus, an incident light with a high diffuse coefficient and high incident flux was realized for high OD measurement. This emitter has been used in the new national reference of National Institute of Metrology, China (NIM) for diffuse transmission optical density. According to the measurement result in this reference, the OD can be measured up to 6.6.

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Optimal source to detector separation for extracting sub-dermal chromophores in fiber optic diffuse reflectance spectroscopy: a simulation study

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Signal and measurement considerations for human translation of diffuse in vivo flow cytometry

Signal and measurement considerations for human translation of diffuse in vivo flow cytometry

Signal and Measurement Considerations for Human Translation of Diffuse in vivo Flow Cytometry

A New Diffuse Optics Emitter for High Visual Diffuse Transmission Density Measurement

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