Optimal Solvents for Interfacial Solution Engineering of Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

Interfacial engineering is extensively used to reduce the interfacial loss caused by surface recombination, improve the crystallinity of the active absorption layer, and enhance the long‐term stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Solution processing techniques, such as spin coating and dip coating, are commonly used to deposit the interfacial layer because of their cost‐effectiveness and simplicity. Although determining suitable solutes for use in these processes is important, selecting appropriate solvents is also crucial. Herein, commonly used solvents are investigated to determine optimal solvents for solution processing by categorizing them into nonpolar and polar groups. The results suggest that the efficiency of the PSCs can be increased by simple solvent treatment. In particular, the efficiencies of systems subjected to hexane (nonpolar) and ethanol (polar) treatment are significantly improved (17.31% and 17.44%, respectively) compared with that of a control device (16.24%). Herein, the effects of pure solvents on the SnO2–perovskite interface are confirmed and an important direction for investigations that adopt solution processing to improve the efficiency of PSCs, such as research on interlayers and self‐assembled monolayers, is suggested.

Synergistic Enhancement of Stability and Performance for Perovskite Solar Cells Using Fluorinated Benzoic Acids as Additives

“…001 \left.\right)\right)_{\left(\text{PbI}\right)_{2}}$) is located at 12.65°, while the (110) peak related to the (110) plane of the perovskite crystal is situated at 14.08°. [ 81–84 ] The result indicates that, for MAPbI 3 , all the characteristic peak positions remained unaltered, and no evident secondary phases emerged after being mixed with the additives. Moreover, through the examination of the peak intensity ratios of …”

“…Specifically, the diffraction peak associated with the (001) crystal face of PbI 2 (denoted as ð001Þ PbI 2 ) is located at 12.65°, while the (110) peak related to the (110) plane of the perovskite crystal is situated at 14.08°. [81][82][83][84] The result indicates that, for MAPbI 3 , all the characteristic peak positions remained unaltered, and no evident secondary phases emerged after being mixed with the additives. Moreover, through the examination of the peak intensity ratios of ð001Þ PbI 2 /(110) at different time points, as depicted in Figure S6, Supporting Information, we can quantitatively evaluate the rate at which perovskite degrades into PbI 2 that the most rapid degradation rate of MAPbI 3 is observed when there is no modification by the additives, as evidenced by the highest ð001Þ PbI 2 /(110) intensity ratios at the same time intervals in comparison to those samples with modification.…”

Toxicity of Perovskite Solar Cells

“…For the preparation of ETL and HTL, the selection of solvents can greatly impact the quality and performance of these layers [64]. For the preparation of ETLs, solvents, such as CB, dichlorobenzene (DCB), and GBL, are commonly used [65,66]. For HTLs, Spiro-OMeTAD is the most widely used HTL in n-i-p structure PVSCs.…”

Recent Progress of Halide Perovskites Applied to Five Senses Sensors

“…In addition to perovskite oxides, halide perovskites have received considerable attention as next-generation materials. Halide perovskites have been used in various fields such as light-emitting diodes − (LEDs) and solar cells − because of their tunable bandgap, long diffusion length, high carrier mobility, high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), narrow full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of emission, and long carrier lifetime. Halide perovskites are sensitive to external factors such as water, temperature, and pressure.…”