Optimal sizing of a distributed energy system with thermal load electrification

Abstract

Renewable energy systems (RES) are currently being deployed on a large scale to meet the ambitious sustainable development goals for the next decades. A higher penetration of sustainable means of power production passes through the diffusion of RES-based distributed energy systems. The hybridization of such systems and their integration with Energy Storage Systems (ESS) can help improve reliability and level the mismatch between power production and consumption. In this paper, a novel modular tool for the simulation of distributed energy systems is presented by means of its application to a case study. The considered system is composed by PV modules, ESS and heat pumps. The optimal sizing of the components for self-consumption has been obtained through an electricity production cost minimization. A comparison between two different configurations has been conducted: in the first case, the thermal load is completely satisfied by a natural gas-fired boiler, while in the latter case, part of the thermal load is satisfied by a heat pump. The results have highlighted the impact of ESS on the economics of distributed energy systems and how the investment in such systems, in conditions similar to the case study, can be more easily sustained if a share of the total energy consumption of the unit is shifted from the thermal to the electrical part.

Heat pumps and thermal energy storages centralised management in a Renewable Energy Community.

“…The increasing use of HPs for heating homes [17] has led to a rise in the electrical load in the LV distribution grid [18] and put pressure on the grid's stability [19] and capacity [20]. The impact of a high penetration of HPs has been shown to be more problematic than a massive introduction of PV [21].…”

“…To find the best strategy, factors like energy prices, COP, and thermal dispersion of the TES must be considered [26]. HP management strategies can be optimized based on daily forecasts [27], and the interaction between the HP, TES, and electrical storage should also be taken into account [17].…”

A New Smart Batteries Management for Renewable Energy Communities

“…The simulation approach and the modular development of the tool, allow to consider different strategies for the same component and to define more realistic management strategies to account for real-life, unoptimized behaviours of energy systems [11]. A more detailed description of the tool can be found in previous works of the authors, where the tool has been applied to residential energy systems with heat pumps [34] or considering battery ageing [35]. For this work, a new BMS (defined as smart BMS, or SmBMS) is introduced.…”