Optimal Self-Scheduling of a Thermal Producer in Short-Term Electricity Markets by MILP

Abstract

This paper addresses the problem of the self-scheduling of a thermal electricity producer in day-ahead energy and reserves markets. A 0/1 mixed integer linear formulation of the producer self-scheduling problem is provided, which allows a realistic and accurate modeling of the unit's operating phases. A novel unit start-up modeling is presented, in which three different start-up types are modeled, hot, warm, and cold, each with distinct start-up cost, synchronization time, soak time, and predefined start-up power output trajectories, all dependent on the unit's prior reservation time. Test results address the effect of the energy and reserves market clearing prices on the producer units' day-ahead commitment status and profits.

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“…This constraint is applied to every year. The constraint shown in (4) is a concise form that considers other constraints, such as the power output limit of generators, the minimum up and down time, reserves, the thermal constraint for cogeneration plants, and the power flow constraint [14,15].…”

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“…Furthermore, they give a formulation that tightens the ramp rate constraints. Recently, Simoglou et al (2010) [55] develop an UC formulation that explicitly accounts for the different phases during start-up and shutdown of units. Their formulation also includes different start-up procedures such as hot, warm and cold start-ups.…”

“…If the component c was shut down more than crt c hours ago, the warm startup is not available. The resulting constraint can be seen as a generalization of a formulation in Simoglou et al (2010) [55] for cold and warm start-ups.…”

“…A NMPC model can also be used to calculate the optimal startup trajectory offline. If the profile is known a priori as a sequence of output values F def,h−θ+1 c,m,m ,p , it can be included in the optimization as a predefined trajectory during the startup, as shown by Simoglou et al (2010) [55].…”

“…In this paper, we do not include the participation in reserve markets but our model can easily be augmented with additional constraints if desired. We refer to the papers by Thorin et al (2005) [38] and Simoglou et al (2010) [55] for formulations that can potentially be included.…”