Optimal selection of marine protected areas based on connectivity and habitat quality

Berglund, Moa; Jacobi, Martin Nilsson; Jonsson, Per R.

doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.04.011

Cited by 54 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Larger release intervals captured more persistent connections (Fig. 2d-f), which may explain past work suggesting that the long-term connectivity patterns predicted by a LSM were relatively stationary in time (Berglund et al 2012). Increasing the release interval creates a network with fewer rare events.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

The influence of spawning periodicity on population connectivity

Kough

Paris

2015

Coral Reefs

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Many coral reef populations exist as discrete habitat patches linked through larval dispersal into a larger network. On these reefs, organisms spawn periodically and release propagules over a range of frequencies. Biophysical models of larval transport examine marine networks, yet particle release frequency needs careful consideration. We describe the time between sequential spawning events as the release interval and define any linkage of modeled larvae between two habitat sites as a connection. We investigate how changing the release interval affects the connectivity networks of three Caribbean species with lowto high-dispersal potential and swimming behavior. We find that spawning periodicity controls the number and persistence of network connections. Further, larval vertical movement behavior stabilizes the network, significantly increasing connections and connection persistence. This work demonstrates the impact of release interval on connectivity networks and underscores including larval behavior with realistic spawning periodicity in biophysical models of larval transport.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

The influence of spawning periodicity on population connectivity

Kough

Paris

2015

Coral Reefs

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“…Dispersal trajectories were simulated in two depth intervals, 0–12 and 24–26 m, where 0–10 m is the most likely interval for Ciona larvae (Dybern 1965), although this is highly uncertain, as is drift depth for most invertebrate larvae (Corell et al 2012). We repeated the dispersal simulations for 8 years (1995–2002) that sampled both positive and negative values of the NAO climatic cycle index (Berglund et al 2012), which influences ocean circulation in the area. From each study site, a total of 19,600 virtual larvae per depth interval were released.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oceanographic barriers to gene flow promote genetic subdivision of the tunicate Ciona intestinalis in a North Sea archipelago

et al. 2018

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Pelagic larval development has the potential to connect populations over large geographic distances and prevent genetic structuring. The solitary tunicate Ciona intestinalis has pelagic eggs and a swimming larval stage lasting for maximum a few days, with the potential for a homogenizing gene flow over relatively large areas. In the eastern North Sea, it is found in a geomorphologically complex archipelago with a mix of fjords and open costal habitats. Here, the coastal waters are also stratified with a marked pycnocline driven by salinity and temperature differences between shallow and deep waters. We investigated the genetic structure of C. intestinalis in this area and compared it with oceanographic barriers to dispersal that would potentially reduce connectivity among local populations. Genetic data from 240 individuals, sampled in 2 shallow, and 4 deep-water sites, showed varying degrees of differentiation among samples (FST = 0.0–0.11). We found no evidence for genetic isolation by distance, but two distant deep-water sites from the open coast were genetically very similar indicating a potential for long-distance gene flow. However, samples from different depths from the same areas were clearly differentiated, and fjord samples were different from open-coast sites. A biophysical model estimating multi-generation, stepping-stone larval connectivity, and empirical data on fjord water mass retention time showed the presence of oceanographic barriers that explained the genetic structure observed. We conclude that the local pattern of oceanographic connectivity will impact on the genetic structure of C. intestinalis in this region.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s00227-018-3388-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…By tying a stochastic stepping-stone model to the connectivity matrices generated by the Lagrangian particle tracking model, we added variation to simulate periodic, but important events. This construct could miss rare events that happen with a periodicity of ,5 years, but the mean connectivity measured over shorter periods is comparable to the connectivity over longer time-scales (Berglund et al, 2012). We also simulated the spread of a waterborne pathogen using only a 5 d duration, a time frame believed relevant to the PaV1 virus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the spread and connectivity of waterborne marine pathogens: the case of PaV1 in the Caribbean

Kough

Paris

Behringer

et al. 2014

ICES Journal of Marine Science

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The PaV1 virus infects spiny lobsters (Panulirus argus) throughout most of the Caribbean, where its prevalence in adult lobsters can reach 17% and where it poses a significant risk of mortality for juveniles. Recent studies indicate that vertical transmission of the virus is unlikely and PaV1 has not been identified in the phyllosoma larval stages. Yet, the pathogen appears subclinically in post-larvae collected near the coast, suggesting that lobster post-larvae may harbour the virus and perhaps have aided in the dispersal of the pathogen. Laboratory and field experiments also confirm the waterborne transmission of the virus to post-larval and early benthic juvenile stages, but its viability in the water column may be limited to a few days. Here, we coupled Lagrangian modelling with a flexible matrix model of waterborne and post-larval-based pathogen dispersal in the Caribbean to investigate how a large area with complex hydrology influences the theoretical spread of disease. Our results indicate that if the virus is waterborne and only viable for a few days, then it is unlikely to impact both the Eastern and Northwestern Caribbean, which are separated by dispersal barriers. However, if PaV1 can be transported between locations by infected post-larvae, then the entire Caribbean becomes linked by pathogen dispersal with higher viral prevalence in the North. We identify possible regions from which pathogens are most likely to spread, and highlight Caribbean locations that function as dispersal "gateways" that could facilitate the rapid spread of pathogens into otherwise isolated areas.

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Optimal selection of marine protected areas based on connectivity and habitat quality

Cited by 54 publications

References 31 publications

The influence of spawning periodicity on population connectivity

The influence of spawning periodicity on population connectivity

Oceanographic barriers to gene flow promote genetic subdivision of the tunicate Ciona intestinalis in a North Sea archipelago

Modelling the spread and connectivity of waterborne marine pathogens: the case of PaV1 in the Caribbean

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