Optimal scheduling of electric vehicles in an intelligent parking lot considering vehicle-to-grid concept and battery condition

Background: In order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, governments seek to replace conventional fuels by renewable ones. Nowadays, most attention is paid to electric vehicles in the transport systems and the use of renewable energy in the power systems. The aim of this work is to achieve a 100 % renewable and sustainable system and to examine the impact of electrification in the transport sector on the power curve and the integration of renewable energy into the power systems of the Dubrovnik region up to 2050. Methods: The analyses of different charging regulation models for the electric vehicles were derived in the EnergyPLAN, which is a computer model for Energy Systems Analysis of the major energy systems and runs on an hourly basis. Calculations were done for selected years-2020, 2030 and 2050. Charging models provided in the EnergyPLAN were dumb charge, flexible demand, smart charge and smart charge with vehicle-to-grid. For each year, two different charging models were selected. Charging regulations according to three tariff models, based on a lower and higher electricity price, with different distributions, were also done for 2050, i.e. tariff model 1, 2 and 3. Results: The results for the year 2020 showed no difference between the models. In 2030, smart charge gained better results than a flexible demand. In 2050, the flexible demand allowed to achieve better results than the smart charge with vehicle-to-grid and the tariff model 1, while tariff model 3 provided the best results for 2050. It is also shown that the energy systems which include electric vehicles have a greater impact on the reduction of a critical excess electricity production than the systems excluding electric vehicles.

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“…They compared regulated and unregulated charging and their effect on the electrical system [48][49][50]. Something similar is shown in this work.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 55%

The integration of renewable energy sources and electric vehicles into the power system of the Dubrovnik region

et al. 2015

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“…Implications of controlled and intelligent management of V2G use has been evaluated in a number of cases. Honarmand et al [17] modeled realistic V2G charge and discharge schedules for implementation in an intelligent parking lot and found that optimal charging occurs when energy prices are lower and discharging occurs when energy prices are higher. With some exceptions, most research does not focus on the environmental impacts from the V2G implementation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing plug-in electric vehicle and vehicle-to-grid charge scheduling to minimize carbon emissions

Hoehne

Chester

2016

Energy

125

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“…In their paper, they use a Particle Swarm Optimization to minimize emis sions and costs and for the uncertainties, scenarios are considered [18]. propose already a method for inte grating EVs into a smart grid with RES in a context of a parking lot [19] and additionally taking the battery condition into consider ation [20]. They have a closer look on reserve and energy sched uling using a MILP to minimize the operating costs.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating renewable energy sources by electric vehicle fleets under uncertainty

Seddig

Jochem

Fïchtner

2017

Energy

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a b s t r a c tElectric vehicles are one of the concepts towards green and sustainable transportation systems. However, several uncertainties with respect to electricity demand and availability of electric vehicles as well as electricity supply by renewable energy sources influence an optimal scheduling through smart charging strategies. This paper investigates the possibilities to integrate additionally loads of uncertain renewable energy sources by smart charging strategies of three different electric vehicle fleets namely, com mercial customers, commuters, and opportunity parkers. Therefore, data from an empiric field test with a public charging infrastructure in a parking garage with a photovoltaic system is taken. Various stra tegies are analyzed, considering the changing individual electricity demand, restrictions and parking times of electric vehicle fleets by combining a Monte Carlo simulation approach with different meth odologies like a heuristic algorithm, an optimization model and stochastic programming. The numerical results indicate that the domestic photovoltaic generation of the car park can be fully used by the electric vehicle fleets for charging and the utilization of photovoltaic can be doubled when comparing uncon trolled and optimized charging strategies. The commuter fleet has the highest CO 2 emission reduction potential of all three electric vehicle fleets. Moreover, load management decreases costs, even when uncertainties are considered.

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Optimal scheduling of electric vehicles in an intelligent parking lot considering vehicle-to-grid concept and battery condition

Cited by 202 publications

References 17 publications

The integration of renewable energy sources and electric vehicles into the power system of the Dubrovnik region

The integration of renewable energy sources and electric vehicles into the power system of the Dubrovnik region

Optimizing plug-in electric vehicle and vehicle-to-grid charge scheduling to minimize carbon emissions

Integrating renewable energy sources by electric vehicle fleets under uncertainty

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