Optimal Scheduling of Combined Heat and Power Generation Units Using the Thermal Inertia of the Connected District Heating Grid as Energy Storage

Merkert, Lennart; Haime, Ashvar Abdoul; Hohmann, Sören

doi:10.3390/en12020266

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…For a thermal system, operational flexibility is mainly provided by energy storage elements. Although network pipelines and buildings have been used to provide flexibility [76,77], the primary provision comes from TES units [78]. This concept is shown in Figure 16.…”

Section: Operational Flexibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

District Heating and Cooling Systems

Cruz¹,

Ugalde‐Loo²

2021

Microgrids and Local Energy Systems

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Decarbonisation of the energy sector is a crucial ambition towards meeting net-zero targets and achieving climate change mitigation. Heating and cooling accounts for over a third of UK greenhouse emissions and, thus, decarbonisation of this sector has attracted significant attention from a range of stakeholders, including energy system operators, manufacturers, research institutions and policy makers. Particularly, the role of district heating and cooling (DHC) systems will be critical, as these two energy vectors are central to our lives not only for comfort and daily activities, but also to facilitate productive workplaces and to run a variety of industrial processes. The optimal operation of DHC systems and the design of efficient strategies to produce heat and cold, store thermal energy, and meet heating and cooling demands, together with an increased integration of low carbon technologies and local renewable energy sources, are vital to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions alike. This chapter reviews relevant aspects of DHC systems, their main elements, automatic control systems and optimal management.

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Section: Operational Flexibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

District Heating and Cooling Systems

Cruz¹,

Ugalde‐Loo²

2021

Microgrids and Local Energy Systems

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“…In Yuan et al [20], economic dispatch of CHP units is performed in the presence of electrical and thermal energy storage. Furthermore, in Merkert et al [21], a unit commitment model is presented for optimal operation of CHP units considering the thermal inertia of connected district heating grid. Researchers in references Li and Wang et al [22,23] have investigated an environmental cost-based model for economic dispatch of CHP units.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation Units Maintenance in Combined Heat and Power Integrated Systems Using the Mixed Integer Quadratic Programming Approach

et al. 2020

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Yearly generation maintenance scheduling (GMS) of generation units is important in each system such as combined heat and power (CHP)-based systems to decrease sudden failures and premature degradation of units. Imposing repair costs and reliability deterioration of system are the consequences of ignoring the GMS program. In this regard, this research accomplishes GMS inside CHP-based systems in order to determine the optimal intervals for predetermined maintenance required duration of CHPs and other units. In this paper, cost minimization is targeted, and violation of units’ technical constraints like feasible operation region of CHPs and power/heat demand balances are avoided by considering related constraints. Demand-response-based short-term generation scheduling is accomplished in this paper considering the maintenance intervals obtained in the long-term plan. Numerical simulation is performed and discussed in detail to evaluate the application of the suggested mixed-integer quadratic programming model that implemented in the General Algebraic Modeling System software package for optimization. Numerical simulation is performed to justify the model effectiveness. The results reveal that long-term maintenance scheduling considerably impacts short-term generation scheduling and total operation cost. Additionally, it is found that the demand response is effective from the cost perspective and changes the generation schedule.

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“…3 However, using the node method for short-term scheduling and control of district heating networks leads to a large-scale nonlinear programming problem 4 (NLP), which is very hard to solve. 5 One way to avoid the nonlinearity of the problem is to assume fixed time delays 6 or fixed mass flows. 4 Sandou et al 5 propose a predictive control strategy that iterates between such a simplified optimization model and a non-linear simulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Scheduling of a District Heat System with a Combined Heat and Power Plant Considering Pipeline Dynamics

Merkert¹,

Castro

2020

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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This paper presents two new mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) models for more flexible operation of a combined heat and power (CHP) plant connected to a district heating load by a pipeline. The optimization models consider the heat-storage capabilities of the pipeline to better react to volatile energy prices and heat demands, varying both the flowrate and temperature of the hot water coming out of the CHP plant. They rigorously account for varying time delays, in a simpler (linear) way than previous works. The new scheduling formulations achieve a very good computational performance by relying on either a discrete-time or hybrid discrete/continuous-time representation, where all time slots of the grid are preassigned to a given period with constant price and demand (e.g., an hour of the day). Results for a motivating example inspired by a German system show additional revenues of 345 k€/year for a 10 km pipeline with a diameter of 0.7 m (3850 m 3 ), compared to operating the pipeline at a constant temperature. This value is strongly dependent on the storage capacity, increasing to 1415 k€/year for a volume of 10,000 m 3 .

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Optimal Scheduling of Combined Heat and Power Generation Units Using the Thermal Inertia of the Connected District Heating Grid as Energy Storage

Cited by 24 publications

References 13 publications

District Heating and Cooling Systems

District Heating and Cooling Systems

Generation Units Maintenance in Combined Heat and Power Integrated Systems Using the Mixed Integer Quadratic Programming Approach

Optimal Scheduling of a District Heat System with a Combined Heat and Power Plant Considering Pipeline Dynamics

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