“…An optimization method that can efficiently deal with the dynamic nature of these problems should be able to rapidly find the optimal solutions after the change. Since many real-world problems are dynamic, the field of dynamic optimization has gained much interest in the recent decade [1,2] and many dynamic optimization methods have been applied to practical problems, such as optimal control of time-varying systems [3,4], mission planning [5], vehicle routing [6,7], and scheduling [8].…”