Optimal resiliency‐oriented charging station allocation for electric vehicles considering uncertainties

Abstract

Summary This paper presents a resiliency‐oriented multi‐objective approach for optimal allocation of electric vehicles' (EV) charging station (EVCS) within distribution network. In addition, the effect of implementation of the demand response programs (DRP) is considered while allocating EVCSs. For this purpose, an appropriate modeling for considering various uncertainties such as consumption load, energy price, and initial state of EV charge are firstly presented. Moreover, the uncertainty and dynamic risk of wind speed during extreme weather conditions, as an important parameter that affects lines outage and grid resiliency, are accurately modeled. In the proposed methodology of this paper, the benefits obtained by ENS reduction and power loss is optimally shared with the EVCS owner to incentivize the investors to cooperate with DISCO and to invest in the construction of EVCS. The formulated problem is solved by utilization of an NSGA‐II‐based method embedded by scenario‐based approach and Monte‐Carlo method. The proposed formulation is applied to a standard network (IEEE 9 buses), and related Pareto‐front solutions for an economic‐resilient EVCS allocation, while maximizing benefits of Distribution Company Operator (DISCO) and EVCS owner are calculated. The results show that, in case of allocation two EVCSs and applying DRP program, total profits of DISCO is increased by 36.70% and 40.07%, respectively, compared with traditional grid that there is no EVCS or DRP implementation. Moreover, applying DRP, with its positive effect on peak load and power losses, reduces the EVCS capacities.

Critical Risk Indicators (CRIs) for the electric power grid: a survey and discussion of interconnected effects

“…In this paper, we fill the gap with a survey of risk indicators for the electric power grid system, identifying those indicators across a range of domains that must be considered to improve the resiliency of the power grid. Definitions of 'resiliency' often overlap with other terms that characterize systemic functional responses (Raoufi et al 2020;Galaitsi et al 2020;Brand and Jax 2007;Maliszewski et al 2012;Akhgarzarandy et al 2021;Izadi et al 2021). Resiliency encompasses multiple components that describe the system's reaction, response to, and recovery from disturbance (Raoufi et al 2020;Voropai 2020;Stankovic 2018).…”

“…In this survey, we concentrate on the reactive components of power system resilience (following Raoufi et al 2020) by focusing on the electric grid system's ability to withstand low-frequency, high-impact disasters efficiently while minimizing interruption in electricity supply. Resiliency emphasizes the addition of risk from acute events and builds upon system reliability which focuses on inherent risk from recurring events (Akhgarzarandy et al 2021;Izadi et al 2021;Stankovic 2018;Ciapessoni et al 2019;Jufri et al 2019;Sperstad et al 2019).…”