Optimal Recovery Time for Postactivation Potentiation in Professional Soccer Players

Mola, Jameson Nunzio; Bruce-Low, Stewart; Burnet, S.

doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000000313

Cited by 48 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Post-activation potentiation has shown beneficial effects on performance in a wide variety of activities such as maximal voluntary contractions ( Chiu et al, 2003 ), sprint running ( Chatzopoulos et al, 2007 ), and sprinting and jumping ( Mola et al, 2014 ). However, data on the effects of PAP in swimming performance are scant and inconsistent ( Hancock et al, 2015 ; Sarramian et al, 2015 ; Barbosa et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Thirty-Second Post-activation Potentiation Exercises Improve the 50-m Freestyle Sprint Performance in Adolescent Swimmers?

Abbes¹,

Chamari

Mujika

et al. 2018

Front. Physiol.

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Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate performance, biomechanical, physiological, and psychophysiological effects of a simple and easily organized post-activation potentiation (PAP) re-warm-up performed before a 50-m freestyle swimming sprint.Methods: Regional level male adolescent swimmers [age: 13.0 ± 2.0 years; (min 11 years – max 15 years)] performed four trial conditions (three experimental, one control) on different days. The control trial involved a standardized 1200-m warm-up followed by 30 min of rest and a maximal 50-m freestyle swimming sprint. The experimental trials involved the same protocol but added a PAP component after a 20-min rest (10 min pre-50-m): The different PAP component involved the subjects in completing a 30-s maximal effort of: (1) push-ups (PU – upper body), (2) squats (SQ – lower body), and (3) burpees (BP – lower and upper body). Performance (time-trial), biomechanical (stroke length, stroke frequency), physiological (blood lactate concentrations, heart rate), and psychophysiological (ratings of perceived exertion) variables were collected.Results: The results demonstrated that the PAP protocols used in this investigation had no effect on swimming performance. Before the 50-m swimming sprint, the lactate values were significantly higher after the PU, BP, and SQ PAP loads compared to the control condition [P(CC-PU) = 0.02; P(CC-BP) = 0.01; P(CC-SQ) = 0.04]. For Lactate values, a significant and large effect of experimental condition compared to control condition was found (p < 0.05, η2 = 0.68). At 1 min after the 50-m time trial, significant differences were observed between the control condition and the different PAP loads [P(CC-PU) = 0.01; P(CC-BP) = 0.04; P(CC-SQ) = 0.01]. At 3 min after the 50-m sprint, significant differences were found between the control condition and the PU and SQ PAP loads [P(CC-PU) = 0.018; P(CC-SQ) = 0.008, respectively]. Additionally, a significant and large effect of experimental condition was found at 1 and 3 min after the 50-m swimming sprint (p < 0.05, η2(1 min) = 0.73; η2(3 min) = 0.59). There were medium sized but non-significant effects of interaction between the conditions, was illustrated for the mean HR values in response to the different conditions (p > 0.05; η2 = 0.083).Conclusion: None of the three PAP protocols showed any significant improvement in performance, biomechanical, physiological, and psychophysiological variables before, during and after the 50-m swimming time-trial. Further studies are warranted to investigate ways to improve swimming performance with simple body mass exercises performed in-between the end of pool warm-up and race start.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Thirty-Second Post-activation Potentiation Exercises Improve the 50-m Freestyle Sprint Performance in Adolescent Swimmers?

Abbes¹,

Chamari

Mujika

et al. 2018

Front. Physiol.

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“…Contrast training offers another method of within resistance training periodisation. However, little research has employed concurrently trained athletes as the experimental cohort (Comyns et al, 2007;Mola, Bruce-Low & Burnet, 2014) and no bounce drop jump the PAPE response in a same day concurrent training model where the preceding field-based skills/endurance training load has been reported. The strength of the present study was that the preceding skills/endurance training load was matched between the 1-min and 4-min groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second method is contrast training which typically involves the performance of 3-5 repetitions with high loads of compound exercises, for example squats or power cleans, shortly followed by a lighter power or plyometric exercise (Maio Alves et al, 2010). This contrast mode of resistance training has become popular within team sport settings (Comyns et al, 2007;Argus et al, 2012;Mola, Bruce-Low & Burnet, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In further considering the ecological relevance of PAPE duration time and its increasing utilisation within team sport settings, no previous PAPE related research has been conducted in high level athletes performing same day concurrent training (CT) (Comyns et al, 2007, Mola, Bruce-Low & Burnet, 2014. Indeed, given that concurrently-trained athletes typically, by way of their training history, have high strength levels and are generally fatigue-resistant (Ritchie et al, 2016;Bilsborough et al, 2015), they may be able to demonstrate significant PAPE effects with shorter rest periods than that commonly recommended in the strength and conditioning literature (Gouvêa et al, 2013;Mitchell & Sale, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Utilising one minute and four minute recovery when employing the resistance training contrast method does not negatively affect subsequent jump performance in the presence of concurrent training

Ritchie

Keogh

Reaburn

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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Background Little is known about contrast training and post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) in a same day concurrent training model. The aim of the current study was to examine the use of two short duration (1-min and 4-min) recovery periods on drop jump performance in same day concurrently trained athletes. Methods Ten professional Australian Rules footballers (age, 20.6 ± 1.9 yr; height, 184.8 ± 6.9 cm; body mass, 85.8 ± 8.4 kg) completed two resistance training sessions with different PAPE recovery durations; 1-min and 4-min, 1 h following a field-based endurance session. Baseline (pre) drop jumps were compared to post-test maximal drop jumps, performed after each set of three squats (where each participant was encouraged to lift as heavy as they could), to determine changes between 1-min and 4-min recovery periods. Data were analysed by fitting a mixed model (significance was set at P ≤ 0.05). Corrected Hedges’ g standardised effect sizes ±95% confidence limits were calculated using group means ± SDs. Results There were no significant differences between baseline and experimental sets 1, 2 and 3 for reactive strength index (RSI), flight time, and total and relative impulse for either recovery duration. However, for contact time, 1-min baseline was significantly different from set 2 (mean difference; 95% CI [0.029; 0.000–0.057 s], P = 0.047, ES; 95% CI [−0.27; −1.20 to 0.66]). For RSI and flight time, 1-min was significantly higher than 4-min (RSI: 0.367; 0.091 to 0.642, P = 0.010, ES; 95% CI [0.52; −0.37 to 1.42]; flight time: 0.033; 0.003 to 0.063 s, P = 0.027, ES; 95% CI [0.86; −0.06 to 1.78]). Discussion Short recovery periods of 1-min may be a time-efficient form of prescribing strength-power exercise in contrast loading schemes. Longer recovery periods do not appear to benefit immediate, subsequent performance.

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“…The team of Jameson and Mola (2013) evaluated the optimal recovery duration between muscle activation and performing an explosive, sport specific activity in soccer players (Mola 2013). Resistance exercises with a high load are performed in order to evoke the PAP effect in muscles.…”

Section: The Impact Of Pap On Explosive Strength In Soccer Playersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post activation potentiation (PAP) and its application in the development of speed and explosive strength in female soccer players: A review

Pajerska

Zając

Mostowik

et al. 2020

jhse

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The presented review presents the results of current research on the use of PAP during resistance training of soccer players. Researchers who have examined the mechanism behind PAP following complex strength training, have established a relationship between post-activation potentiation and improvements in speed and explosive strength of athletes. Most of the presented papers in this review have confirmed the effectiveness of PAP in eliciting performance in tasks requiring speed, jumping ability and agility in soccer players. These studies were discussed in detail in terms of research groups, methods, training means and study results. Many of these publications have also considered the aspect of rest intervals between the conditioning exercise and the subsequent explosive activity. Most authors indicate the necessity to individualize the time of the rest interval, depending on the athletes training status, strength level and most of all on the intensity and volume of the conditioning exercise. Some scientists have also attempted to incorporate PAP into warm-up protocols, especially prior to speed and power training sessions. A two-way analysis of the impact of PAP, separately on sprint speed and power of the players. The focus was on demonstrating the positive or negative impact of activating exercises on the two variables discussed. The last part of the paper presents the conclusions drawn based on the results of the studies and suggests the objectives of future research. Most publications have documented the results for male participants, whereas little data is available regarding the use of PAP in female soccer players.

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Optimal Recovery Time for Postactivation Potentiation in Professional Soccer Players

Cited by 48 publications

References 28 publications

Do Thirty-Second Post-activation Potentiation Exercises Improve the 50-m Freestyle Sprint Performance in Adolescent Swimmers?

Do Thirty-Second Post-activation Potentiation Exercises Improve the 50-m Freestyle Sprint Performance in Adolescent Swimmers?

Utilising one minute and four minute recovery when employing the resistance training contrast method does not negatively affect subsequent jump performance in the presence of concurrent training

Post activation potentiation (PAP) and its application in the development of speed and explosive strength in female soccer players: A review

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