Optimal prescribed burn frequency to manage foundation California perennial grass species and enhance native flora

Identifying effective restoration approaches to maximize plant establishment in California grasslands through ameta‐analysis

“…Unfortunately, there have been few restoration studies that explore which factors impact the long‐term persistence of restored native plant populations. The few studies that do exist suggest that controlling exotic species is likely to become increasingly important for maintaining native species dominance (Seabloom et al 2003a; Carlsen et al 2017). This suggests that restoration practices aimed at reducing exotic abundance are likely to become more critical over time.…”

“…For example, exotic species are a common problem in restoration (Allen et al 2005) and there are many techniques (e.g. herbicide or hand weeding) to reduce the extent of these problematic species to make it easier for native species to establish (Seabloom et al 2003b; Young & Claassen 2008; Carlsen et al 2017). Biotic interactions can also include restoration practices that promote native species by giving them priority over alien species (Vaughn & Young 2015; Stuble et al 2017; Young et al 2017) or excluding herbivores (DeSimone & Zedler 1999; Orrock et al 2009).…”

“…seedlings (11)Hamilton et al (1999),Hayes and Holl (2011),Hulvey and Aigner (2014),Lulow (2006),Marushia and Allen (2011),Moyes et al (2005),Orrock et al (2009), Seabloom et al (2003a), Sweet and Holt (2015,Thomson et al (2016), Werner et al . (2005,Alpert and Maron (2000),Brown and Rice (2000),Buisson et al (2006),Buisson et al (2008),Carlsen et al (2017),Carlsen et al (2000),Corbin and D'Antonio (2004),Gillespie and Allen (2004),Gillespie and Allen (2008),Hamilton et al (1999),Holl et al (2014), Hulvey and Aigner (2014), Lulow et al (2007), Marushia and Allen (2011), Meyer and Schiffman (1999), Moyes et al (2005), Reynolds et al (2001), Seabloom et al (2003a), Seabloom (2007), Young et al (2015a), Young and Claassen (2008) Reducing native competition (6) Brown and Bugg (2001), Dyer et al (1996), Lulow (2006), Porensky et al (2012), Sweet and Holt (2015), Young et al (2015a) Excluding herbivores (4) DeSimone and Zedler (1999), Gurney et al (2015), Orrock et al (2009), Seabloom et al (2003b) Giving native species priority over exotic species (5) Stuble et al (2017), Vaughn and Truman (2015), Werner et al (2016), Young et al (2015b), Young et al (2017) Abiotic (10) Manipulating site conditions before planting Nitrogen/carbon addition (3) Plot location at site (4) Thatch removal (1) Alpert and Maron (2000), Bugg et al (1997), Corbin and D'Antonio (2004), Dyer et al (1996), Gurney et al (2015), Seabloom et al (2003b), Seabloom (2007) (1999), Hamilton et al (1999), Stahlheber and D'Antonio (2014), Young et al (2015b) Restoration Ecology May 2021…”

Plant-pollinator interactions across California grassland and coastal scrub vegetation types on San Bruno Mountain, San Mateo County

“…While forb cover and dominance was not significantly lower in coastal scrub cover at SBM, habitat homogenization through scrub encroachment in the absence of fire has resulted in declines in forb cover and abundance elsewhere (Anderson et al 2000, MacDougall andTurkington 2007). Habitat heterogeneity, floral diversity, and the maintenance of grassland habitats may be important factors promoting pollinator diversity (Potts et al 2003, Ebeling et al 2008, Grundel et al 2010, Luong et al 2019; adaptive management activities including prescribed fire, mowing, disc harrowing, or tilling in conjunction with native seed additions of herbaceous species may maintain habitat heterogeneity at SBM into the future (Dunwiddie et al 1997, Moyes et al 2005, Wheeler et al 2015, Carlsen et al 2017, Omand et al 2018, Poulos et al 2020.…”

“…A lack of disturbance from wildfires, which were common on the mountain before European colonization, has resulted in widespread scrub encroachment and a subsequent decline of grassland community cover in the absence of fire (from 793 hectares of grassland in 1932 to 478 in 2014) (Weiss et al 2015). Fire frequency is a well-known influence on the abundance and distribution of both woody and herbaceous vegetation in coastal habitats, where a lack of fire often results in shrub dominance at the expense of graminoid-dominated communities (Moyes et al 2005, Zavaleta and Kettley 2006, Knapp et al 2007, NPS 2007, Eviner 2016, Carlsen et al 2017, Poulos et al 2020. Disturbances can likewise affect pollinator community composition and dynamics through mortality, injury, or displacement (Black et al 2009, Campell et al 2018, Smith DiCarlo et al 2019).…”