“…The New England 39-Bus System has 10 generators and 46 transmission lines with 12 zero-injection buses at bus numbers 1, 2, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 17, 19 and 22 [27]. Binary integer linear programming was used to optimally place PMUs in the system ensuring full network observability even in case of loss of few PMUs [23]. It results PMU placement at bus numbers 4, 8, 12, 16, 18, 20, 23, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38 and 39. Real power loading margin was calculated as per flow chart shown in Figure 3 for the system intact case and all the single line outage cases, as in case of IEEE 14-bus system.…”