Optimal placement of Phasor Measurement Unit considering System Observability Redundancy Index: case study of the Kenya power transmission network

Okendo, Edwin Otieno; Wekesa, Cyrus Wabuge; Saulo, Michael Juma

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07670

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 25 publications

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“…The test system is modeled and simulated using Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT). The simulink models of the test systems are loaded as a data file and, the power flow analysis is done using the Newton-Raphson method [19].…”

Section: Dfs For Solving Oppmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Intelligence based Optimal Placement of Phasor Measurement Unit for Smart Grid

Poudel

Adhikari

2022

Himalayan J. Appl. Sci. Engin.

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A Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) device ensures the stability, reliability, and proper visibility of critical areas of the power grid by providing a synchro phasor measurement of both voltage and current in real-time. Since it is not practical to place them at each branch of the system, the main concern lies in achieving entire network observability either by direct or indirect measurement through an optimal set of PMUs placed at the optimal location. This gives rise to the Optimal PMU Placement Problem (OPP). In this paper, OPP is solved by an optimization technique i.e., a Genetic Algorithm. The constraints that can greatly affect obtaining optimal solutions are reviewed and the effect of including Zero Injection Bus (ZIB) on the proposed method in solving OPP is studied. The algorithm is applied to IEEE-14 and IEEE-30 bus test systems for validation purposes. Since optimal sets of solutions are obtained from the proposed method, the solutions are ranked by the system observability redundancy index to find the best one. Further, a comparative analysis of the result is done with the depth first search algorithm and other widely used algorithms.

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Section: Dfs For Solving Oppmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Intelligence based Optimal Placement of Phasor Measurement Unit for Smart Grid

Poudel

Adhikari

2022

Himalayan J. Appl. Sci. Engin.

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Evaluating Performance of a Linear Hybrid State Estimator Utilizing Measurements From RTUs and Optimally Placed PMUs

Kiio¹,

Wekesa

Kamau

2022

IEEE Access

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Synchro-phasor technology, using Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU), has improved the way power system data is collected for monitoring through state estimation. The placement of PMUs in a power system presents technical benefits, but it comes with high infrastructural costs. It is, therefore, necessary to install the minimum number of PMUs at optimal locations subject to power system observability, creating the Optimal PMU Placement Problem (OPPP). Some factors may be considered constraints in the OPPP, such as PMU outage. The main challenge with incorporating such constraints in the PMU placement problem is that the minimum number of PMUs required for system observation increases, contributing to the high infrastructural costs. This paper, therefore, proposes using a Linear Hybrid State Estimator (LHSE) that considers existing Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) measurements randomly distributed within the system and optimally placed Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) measurements. The proposed LHSE addresses challenges associated with nonlinearity in state estimation. The LHSE is also based on the Weighted Least Absolute Value (WLAV) criterion, considered robust and able to detect and discard bad data during the estimation process. The proposed LHSE can address state estimation reliability and resiliency, specifically the PMU outage contingency, by employing existing RTU measurements and optimally placed PMU measurements based on the Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) optimization technique. The proposed approach also leverages RTU and PMU measurements to address PMU loss contingency instead of utilizing PMU measurements only as in existing studies. Three test cases (IEEE 14 Bus, IEEE 30 Bus, and IEEE 57 Bus) are considered, with the simulations performed in MATLAB using MATPOWER data. The performance of LHSE is evaluated considering PMU/RTU measurements and PMU measurements only scenarios. Both RTU/PMU measurements present a lower Normalized Cumulative Error (NCE) performance index than PMU measurements only. In case of a single PMU outage, the proposed LHSE can estimate all states based on RTU/PMU measurements instead of only PMU measurements that fail.INDEX TERMS, Linear hybrid state estimator, optimal placement, phasor measurement unit, remote terminal unit, PMU outage.

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Optimal Placement of Phasor Measurement Units Using Deterministic and Metaheuristic Algorithms

Anton,

Bulac,

Toma

et al. 2023

2023 11th International Conference on ENERGY and ENVIRONMENT (CIEM)

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Optimal placement of Phasor Measurement Unit considering System Observability Redundancy Index: case study of the Kenya power transmission network

Cited by 4 publications

References 25 publications

Artificial Intelligence based Optimal Placement of Phasor Measurement Unit for Smart Grid

Artificial Intelligence based Optimal Placement of Phasor Measurement Unit for Smart Grid

Evaluating Performance of a Linear Hybrid State Estimator Utilizing Measurements From RTUs and Optimally Placed PMUs

Optimal Placement of Phasor Measurement Units Using Deterministic and Metaheuristic Algorithms

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