“…Further, a heterogeneous network architecture, wherein a WSN coexists with a wide-area netowrk (WAN), e.g., cellular or satellite, responsible for direct communication without relaying from a tower to a control center, was adopted to overcome the shortcomings of WSN such as short communication range, long end-to-end delay, and the difficulty of reliable communication [17,18]. To implement this architecture, WAN communication modules (which is also referred as WAN module, interchangeably) should be deployed on the top of each tower, similar to relay nodes.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The network consists of a combination of wired, wireless and cellular technologies for guaranteeing low cost real-time data monitoring with wireless sensors. In [18], a heuristic algorithm based on genetic strategy was described to find the optimal locations of cellular transceivers for improving network performance given in terms of bandwidth and end-to-end delay.…”
In this work, we investigate a cost-efficient strategy to implement robust online overhead transmission line monitoring for stable energy transfer in smart power grid. As a first step, we first present an analytical framework to evaluate communication performances of wireless sensor networks installed for the real-time monitoring of overhead power transmission line, wherein each tower performs fountain code (FC)based transmission for guaranteeing transmission reliability between each tower and a substation. Then, we evaluate communication performances given in terms of successful FC-based transmission probability and its end-to-end delay for each tower. Further, our analysis helps formulate an optimization problem that aims at minimizing the total number of activated wide area network (WAN) communication modules deployed on towers(i.e., minimizing the total monetary cost required to use WAN communications), while simultaneously supporting three different types of communication quality of service (QoS) requirements (e.g., reliability, delay, robustness).To find the solution of the problem, we propose the Path Decision in the order of the Farthest Towers (PDFP) algorithm, which enables to find a suboptimal-solution of the problem in real-time. The key idea of PDFT algorithm is that paths (i.e., whether to use a WAN communication module) are sequentially determined in the order of towers farthest from the substation. To identify the validity of the proposed algorithm, we conduct performance evaluations with using public topological and geometrical information of an actual national power grid in Korea. Performance evaluation results show that the proposed PDFT algorithm can find towers that need to activate their WAN communication modules for guaranteeing diverse QoS requirements in real-time, as compared to an optimal-solution algorithm without significant difference in total number of activated WAN communication modules.
INDEX TERMSSmart power grid, Overhead transmission line monitoring, Cost Efficiency, Robust online sensing data transmission I. NOMENCLATURE Main symbols in this paper are summarized in Table 1.
“…Further, a heterogeneous network architecture, wherein a WSN coexists with a wide-area netowrk (WAN), e.g., cellular or satellite, responsible for direct communication without relaying from a tower to a control center, was adopted to overcome the shortcomings of WSN such as short communication range, long end-to-end delay, and the difficulty of reliable communication [17,18]. To implement this architecture, WAN communication modules (which is also referred as WAN module, interchangeably) should be deployed on the top of each tower, similar to relay nodes.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The network consists of a combination of wired, wireless and cellular technologies for guaranteeing low cost real-time data monitoring with wireless sensors. In [18], a heuristic algorithm based on genetic strategy was described to find the optimal locations of cellular transceivers for improving network performance given in terms of bandwidth and end-to-end delay.…”
In this work, we investigate a cost-efficient strategy to implement robust online overhead transmission line monitoring for stable energy transfer in smart power grid. As a first step, we first present an analytical framework to evaluate communication performances of wireless sensor networks installed for the real-time monitoring of overhead power transmission line, wherein each tower performs fountain code (FC)based transmission for guaranteeing transmission reliability between each tower and a substation. Then, we evaluate communication performances given in terms of successful FC-based transmission probability and its end-to-end delay for each tower. Further, our analysis helps formulate an optimization problem that aims at minimizing the total number of activated wide area network (WAN) communication modules deployed on towers(i.e., minimizing the total monetary cost required to use WAN communications), while simultaneously supporting three different types of communication quality of service (QoS) requirements (e.g., reliability, delay, robustness).To find the solution of the problem, we propose the Path Decision in the order of the Farthest Towers (PDFP) algorithm, which enables to find a suboptimal-solution of the problem in real-time. The key idea of PDFT algorithm is that paths (i.e., whether to use a WAN communication module) are sequentially determined in the order of towers farthest from the substation. To identify the validity of the proposed algorithm, we conduct performance evaluations with using public topological and geometrical information of an actual national power grid in Korea. Performance evaluation results show that the proposed PDFT algorithm can find towers that need to activate their WAN communication modules for guaranteeing diverse QoS requirements in real-time, as compared to an optimal-solution algorithm without significant difference in total number of activated WAN communication modules.
INDEX TERMSSmart power grid, Overhead transmission line monitoring, Cost Efficiency, Robust online sensing data transmission I. NOMENCLATURE Main symbols in this paper are summarized in Table 1.
“…However, this method is not suitable for solving nonlinear problems. On this basis, the authors in [ 24 ] proposed to use a genetic algorithm to solve the optimal deployment location of network nodes. However, the authors in [ 23 ] and [ 24 ] have not considered the fact that cellular network coverage may not be available in unpopulated areas.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…On this basis, the authors in [ 24 ] proposed to use a genetic algorithm to solve the optimal deployment location of network nodes. However, the authors in [ 23 ] and [ 24 ] have not considered the fact that cellular network coverage may not be available in unpopulated areas. In this case, other forms of WAN, such as satellite communications with universal coverage, should be considered as an alternative to the cellular networks.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In this case, other forms of WAN, such as satellite communications with universal coverage, should be considered as an alternative to the cellular networks. In [ 24 ], considering the requirements of quality of service (QoS) and network robustness, cellular network and satellite network are used to realize communication with the monitoring center. Standard genetic algorithms are used to determine the number, location, and type of WAN connections to be deployed to minimize costs while meeting QoS and robustness requirements.…”
With the rapid development of the social economy, high-voltage transmission lines as power supply infrastructure are increasing, subsequently presenting a new challenge to the effective monitoring of transmission lines. The dynamic sensor network integrated with robots can effectively solve the elastic monitoring of transmission lines, but the problems of real-time performance, energy consumption and economy of the network need to be solved. To solve this problem, a dynamic network deployment method based on the hybrid hierarchical network (HHN) is proposed to realize a low-cost, energy-saving and real-time dynamic sensing system for overhead high-voltage transmission lines. Through case analysis and simulation, combined with the vague set multi-attribute decision-making method (MADM) with scheme preference, the network deployment and optimization results under multi-parameter constraints are obtained.
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