Optimal Placement and Sizing of D-STATCOM in Radial and Meshed Distribution Networks Using a Discrete-Continuous Version of the Genetic Algorithm

Castiblanco-Pérez, Cristian Mateo; Toro-Rodríguez, David Esteban; Montoya, Oscar Danilo; Ramı́rez, D.

doi:10.3390/electronics10121452

Cited by 38 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…The most important fact that Figure 3 tries to show is that the reactive power compensation in distribution networks is indeed a dynamic compensation problem since the grid requirements vary as a function of the total active and reactive demand during the day. In this sense, depending on the active and reactive demand curves employed, the optimal location and sizes of the STACOMS can vary significantly as shown in [4], where residential, industrial, and commercial users were considered along with the distribution feeders.…”

Section: Results In the Ieee 33-bus Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerical results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach when compared with the GAMS solvers in the IEEE 33-and 69-bus systems. Castiblanco-Pŕez et al in [4] proposed the application of the discrete-continuous version of the Chu and Beasley genetic algorithm to locate and size STACOMs in distribution networks, with numerical results comparable with the DCVSA reported in [16]. The main contribution of the authors was the usage of differentiated load zones classified in residential, commercial, and industrial users, including the possibility of having radial and mesh distribution system topologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Owing to economic restrictions, investment distribution networks are typically constructed with radial configurations since this allows reducing inversion in the infrastructure, simplifying also the protective devices' coordination [3]. However, the radial structure of these systems implies that they experience high power and energy losses when compared with transmission systems, being that the energy losses in these grids are between 6% and 18% of the total power input at the substation bus, while in transmissions networks, these are between 1.5% and 2.0% [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Approximate Mixed-Integer Convex Model to Reduce Annual Operating Costs in Radial Distribution Networks Using STATCOMs

2021

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The problem of optimal siting and sizing of distribution static compensators (STATCOMs) is addressed in this research from the point of view of exact mathematical optimization. The exact mixed-integer nonlinear programming model (MINLP) is decoupled into two convex optimization sub-problems, named the location problem and the sizing problem. The location problem is addressed by relaxing the exact MINLP model, assuming that all the voltages are equal to 1∠0∘, which allows obtaining a mixed-integer quadratic programming model as a function of the active and reactive power flows. The solution of this model provides the best set of nodes to locate all the STATCOMs. When all the nodes are selected, it solves the optimal reactive power problem through a second-order cone programming relaxation of the exact optimal power flow problem; the solution of the SOCP model provides the optimal sizes of the STATCOMs. Finally, it refines the exact objective function value due to the intrinsic non-convexities associated with the costs of the STATCOMs that were relaxed through the application of Taylor’s series expansion in the location and sizing stages. The numerical results in the IEEE 33- and 69-bus systems demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed optimization problem when compared with large-scale MINLP solvers in GAMS and the discrete-continuous version of the vortex search algorithm (DCVSA) recently reported in the current literature. With respect to the benchmark cases of the test feeders, the proposed approach reaches the best reductions with 14.17% and 15.79% in the annual operative costs, which improves the solutions of the DCVSA, which are 13.71% and 15.30%, respectively.

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Section: Results In the Ieee 33-bus Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Approximate Mixed-Integer Convex Model to Reduce Annual Operating Costs in Radial Distribution Networks Using STATCOMs

2021

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“…The validation of the proposed optimization approach is carried out in three different power systems composed of 6, 14 and 39 nodes, respectively, which present prominent numerical results. An important fact of our proposed optimization approach is that the genetic algorithm that solves the optimization problem combines binary and discrete variables in a unified codification [30]. This codification make possible to solve the integer and continuous part of the exact MINLP model in one step, which reduces the complexity of the optimization tool and decreases the total processing time required in its solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solution of the Optimal Reactive Power Flow Problem Using a Discrete-Continuous CBGA Implemented in the DigSILENT Programming Language

2021

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The problem of the optimal reactive power flow in transmission systems is addressed in this research from the point of view of combinatorial optimization. A discrete-continuous version of the Chu & Beasley genetic algorithm (CBGA) is proposed to model continuous variables such as voltage outputs in generators and reactive power injection in capacitor banks, as well as binary variables such as tap positions in transformers. The minimization of the total power losses is considered as the objective performance indicator. The main contribution in this research corresponds to the implementation of the CBGA in the DigSILENT Programming Language (DPL), which exploits the advantages of the power flow tool at a low computational effort. The solution of the optimal reactive power flow problem in power systems is a key task since the efficiency and secure operation of the whole electrical system depend on the adequate distribution of the reactive power in generators, transformers, shunt compensators, and transmission lines. To provide an efficient optimization tool for academics and power system operators, this paper selects the DigSILENT software, since this is widely used for power systems for industries and researchers. Numerical results in three IEEE test feeders composed of 6, 14, and 39 buses demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed CBGA in the DPL environment from DigSILENT to reduce the total grid power losses (between 21.17% to 37.62% of the benchmark case) considering four simulation scenarios regarding voltage regulation bounds and slack voltage outputs. In addition, the total processing times for the IEEE 6-, 14-, and 39-bus systems were 32.33 s, 49.45 s, and 138.88 s, which confirms the low computational effort of the optimization methods directly implemented in the DPL environment.

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“…The study in [51] presented a new lightning search algorithm (LSA) combined with the VSI index. The studies in [52,53] proposed a genetic algorithm (GA) and PSI and VSI indexes to optimally locate a D-STATCOM.…”

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confidence: 99%

Optimal D-STATCOM Placement Tool for Low Voltage Grids

et al. 2021

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In low-voltage grids with a wide spread of domestic and/or small commercial consumers, mostly single-phase, problems can appear due to unbalanced power consumption between the different phases. These problems are mainly caused due to voltage unbalances between phases and the increase in distribution losses. This phenomenon occurs more frequently at the end of highly radial grids and can be stressed by the installation of renewable generators next to the consumers. Amongst the various techniques that have been proposed to solve this problem, this article explores the use of a D-STATCOM, presenting and testing a new method for the optimal location of this type of D-FACT. The developed method starts from a detailed analysis of the existing voltage unbalances in a distribution network and identifies the optimal location of the D-STATCOM (i.e., the one that reduces these unbalances while reducing energy losses). The developed method has been successfully tested for one year at four real European locations with different characteristics and different kinds of users.

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Optimal Placement and Sizing of D-STATCOM in Radial and Meshed Distribution Networks Using a Discrete-Continuous Version of the Genetic Algorithm

Cited by 38 publications

References 32 publications

An Approximate Mixed-Integer Convex Model to Reduce Annual Operating Costs in Radial Distribution Networks Using STATCOMs

An Approximate Mixed-Integer Convex Model to Reduce Annual Operating Costs in Radial Distribution Networks Using STATCOMs

Solution of the Optimal Reactive Power Flow Problem Using a Discrete-Continuous CBGA Implemented in the DigSILENT Programming Language

Optimal D-STATCOM Placement Tool for Low Voltage Grids

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