Optimal patch time allocation for time-limited foragers

Wajnberg, Éric; Bernhard, Pierre; Hamelin, Frédéric; Boivin, Guy

doi:10.1007/s00265-005-0131-7

Cited by 66 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The Cox's proportional hazard model (Cox 1972) has been used to identify behavioral mechanisms determining patch residence time of animals across several taxa, including for several parasitoid species (Wajnberg 2006;Wajnberg et al 2006;Martel et al 2008). We used the Cox's proportional hazard model to estimate the influence of previous host encounter by D. coccinellae on the latency period prior to attacking a host.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of host behavioral defenses on parasitization efficacy of a larval and adult parasitoid

et al. 2010

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Koinobiont parasitoid females when attacking host species are faced with barriers at various levels, host behavioral defenses represent one of these barriers. We present data of the effects of host behavioral defenses on host preference of larval and adult parasitoid. We quantified the effects of defensive behaviors of the exotic host, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), and the indigenous host, Coleomegilla maculata lengi Timberlake (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), on the handling time and attack preference of the indigenous parasitoid, Dinocampus coccinellae Schrank (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Successful egg development was also recorded as a consequence of host behavioral defense and unsuitability. Female parasitoids were offered in an interspecific choice test, adult or larvae of both H. axyridis and C. maculata, and in an intraspecific choice test, larval and adult stage of H. axyridis. Adult H. axyridis exhibited a greater number of defensive behaviors compared to adult C. maculata or larval H. axyridis resulting in significantly longer handling time by the parasitoid. Our results suggest that host acceptance cues used by the generalist parasitoid D. coccinellae are inadequate to evaluate adult H. axyridis. These results provide support to the hypothesis that H. axyridis represents an evolutionary trap for D. coccinellae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of host behavioral defenses on parasitization efficacy of a larval and adult parasitoid

et al. 2010

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“…Although their potential fecundity decreases after the 15th day (Ramadan et al 1994), F. arisanus females produce mature oocytes throughout their life. Senescence has thus less inßuence than for proovigenic species whose acceptation threshold may decrease when they reach the end of their lifespan without having laid their whole egg load (Wajnberg et al 2006). The foraging motivation of the females of F. arisanus seems to remain constant all along their life as soon as they reach their maximal potential fecundity, which is at the end of the Þrst week after emergence (Ramadan et al 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Biotic and Abiotic Factors Affecting the Flight Activity ofFopius arisanus, an Egg-Pupal Parasitoid of Fruit Fly Pests

et al. 2009

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Climatic conditions and the physiological state of a parasitoid may alter its host selection behavior and thus its efficiency as a biological control agent. We studied the influence of these parameters on the behavior of Fopius arisanus (Sonan), an egg-pupal parasitoid of many Tephritidae. In the first experiment, we assessed in field cage assays the influence of temperature, humidity, light intensity, barometric pressure, and wind speed. Both flight and parasitism were mainly affected by temperature and humidity. However, because these two factors were strongly correlated in our experiments, the direct influence of each one cannot be specified. Flight activity was affected by variations in barometric pressure. In a second set of experiments, we conducted release and recapture assays with dyed insects to determine the influence of sex, mating status, egg load, age, and starvation on attraction toward infested fruit. Males were not attracted, suggesting that fruit are not a mating site. The egg load seemed to be a major parameter of foraging motivation. Finally, we showed that flight activity strongly decreased after 48 h of starvation. We observed a possible switch to food in the foraging motivation of starved females, but this result was impaired by poor recoveries: <10% of released females were recaptured after 96 h of starvation. We finally discuss the importance of these observations on the efficiency of F. arisanus as a biological control agent in tropical humid areas.

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“…Furthermore, many parasitoids are also known to be drastically short-lived (i.e., time-limited) under field conditions. This means that they usually die before they can lay all their eggs (Rosenheim, 1999;Wajnberg et al, 2006). In such a situation, the main issue that has been addressed by behavioural ecologists over the last few decades was -and is still under discussion -to explain the optimal time parasitoid females should allocate to each patch of hosts they exploit before leaving to seek another patch in their environment (Godfray, 1994;Wajnberg, 2006).…”

Section: Optimal Residence Time On Host Patchesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using optimality models to improve the efficacy of parasitoids in biological control programmes

Wajnberg

Roitberg

Boivin

2015

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Biological control of insect pests relies on the ability of natural enemies to limit pest populations. The behaviours expressed by natural enemies against their prey or hosts are modulated by a number of factors and a better understanding of these factors is key to obtaining more efficacious pest control. We propose here that optimality models based upon a behavioural ecology approach can provide a framework that should enable optimisation of biological control practices. We limit our discussion to parasitoid natural enemies and review the factors known to influence the behaviour of these insects. The most important areas that have been studied extensively in the behavioural ecology of insect parasitoids are addressed here: (1) residence time in a host patch, (2) clutch size, (3) sex ratio, (4) host and patch marking, and (5) diet choice. We discuss the implications of the incorporation of these optimality models into efficacious biological control practices and suggest areas where a better knowledge of the behavioural ecology of these insects could improve the efficacy of parasitoid-based pest control.

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Optimal patch time allocation for time-limited foragers

Cited by 66 publications

References 62 publications

Impact of host behavioral defenses on parasitization efficacy of a larval and adult parasitoid

Impact of host behavioral defenses on parasitization efficacy of a larval and adult parasitoid

Biotic and Abiotic Factors Affecting the Flight Activity ofFopius arisanus, an Egg-Pupal Parasitoid of Fruit Fly Pests

Using optimality models to improve the efficacy of parasitoids in biological control programmes

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