Optimal outfall systems for nearshore effluent discharges on eroded sandy beaches

Purnama, Anton; Al-Maamari, Huda A.; Balakrishnan, E.

doi:10.1166/jcsmd.2017.1134

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The dispersion processes are represented by eddy diffusivities, and diffusion in the x-direction is neglected, as the discharged plumes in steady currents become very elongated in the x-direction. The variations in the y-direction (positive towards the sea) of current speed U and coefficient of diffusivity D are assumed as the power functions only of water depth h [3], [14]- [16], and for application, we take U to be proportional to 12 h and D to 32 h , which are the appropriate scaling for a turbulent shallow-water flow over a smooth bed [17], [18].…”

Section: Model Solutions For Coastal Discharges On Continuous Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…represents the effluent plume elongation in the x-direction [3], [9], [14], [15]. Contours of concentration (2) for a point source at 12   were plotted in Fig.…”

Section: A Semi-infinite Flat Seabedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The seabed depth profile of eroding sandy beaches are changing as a result of coastal sediment transport [3], [12], [13]. Erosion is causing sediment particles to move alongshore and/or drift out to sea.…”

Section: Model Solutions For Coastal Discharges On a Step Seabedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extensive experiences around the world have reported that an outfall system installed with multiport diffusers has minimal environmental impacts since it apparently prevents the effluent discharged plumes from reaching coastal areas of human usage [1], [2]. For the near-shore discharges, it is observed in the far-field that the bent-over effluent plumes are spreading towards the shoreline and may impair coastal water quality and affect marine life, and may also create a health concern to the public who use the nearby beaches for swimming and other recreational purposes [3], [4]. The extent and magnitude of changes in the receiving water quality due to effluent discharges define a mixing zone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Physically, the coastal area is a dynamic region where land and sea meet. In some places, it takes the form of a sloping sandy beach, but in other places it is a mountainous coast with rocky sea cliffs, where the water depth gets deep very rapidly within a short offshore distance [3], [12], [13]. There are no beaches with seabed's sloping uniformly towards the sea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mathematical Models for Calculation of Mixing Zones for Coastal Effluent Discharges

Purnama¹,

Al-Maamari²,

Balakrishnan³

2019

IJEAT

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The potential long-term environmental impacts of coastal effluent discharges can be addressed and regulated using a mixing zone concept to control and manage the mixing capacity of the receiving coastal waters. The standard regulatory guidelines consist of two key elements: a concentration limit and a point of compliance expressed as a radius centered at the end of the outfall pipe. Modeling studies of the effect of seabed depth upon dispersion of coastal effluent discharges into the sea in the far-field are investigated analytically using the solutions of two-dimensional advection-diffusion equations with a point source on the simple depth profiles of a flat seabed and a uniformly sloping seabed. Solutions are then illustrated graphically by plotting contours of concentration, showing that the effluent discharged plumes are spreading downstream and heading towards the shoreline. Based on the location of maximum value of concentration at the shoreline, the imposed radius of and limit of concentration level within the circular mixing zone are formulated to be used as a measure for assessing the impact of effluent discharges in the coastal environment. The results found agreed with the mixing zones implemented in practice as the environmental quality standards by the regulatory authorities to minimize the impact. As the sea outfall's long pipeline may go beyond the continental shelf, a sudden step change in the seabed depth profiles is introduced, where the solutions of the advection-diffusion equations are obtained using the method of images. An extended formulation of the mixing zones radius and concentration limit are also presented.

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Section: Model Solutions For Coastal Discharges On Continuous Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…represents the effluent plume elongation in the x-direction [3], [9], [14], [15]. Contours of concentration (2) for a point source at 12   were plotted in Fig.…”

Section: A Semi-infinite Flat Seabedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model Solutions For Coastal Discharges On a Step Seabedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Mathematical Models for Calculation of Mixing Zones for Coastal Effluent Discharges

Purnama¹,

Al-Maamari²,

Balakrishnan³

2019

IJEAT

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Spreading of Nearshore Effluent Discharges on Eroded Sloping Sandy Beaches

Purnama

Al-Maamari

Balakrishnan

2018

Springer Proceedings in Mathematics &Amp; Statistics

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Analytical Modeling on Dispersion of Nonconservative Pollutant on a Step Increase in Depth Flow

Purnama,

Balakrishnan,

Al-Mashrafi

2023

Int. J. of Appl. Math.

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Coastal wastewater-discharged effluents are likely to consist of pollutants with different dispersion and decay rates that vary with water depth. Mathematical models using a two dimensional advection-diffusion equation with a point source are presented to study the effects of a cross-stream sudden depth change and decay on mixing and dispersing steady discharge of non -conservative effluents. Analytical solutions are illustrated graphically by plotting contours of concentration, showing snapshots of discharged effluent plumes spreading. The shapes of effluent plumes across the cross-stream depth discontinuity line are significantly different, and thus the concentration at the discontinuity line is formulated to measure how much has effluents dispersed into or out of the shallow nearshore region.

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Optimal outfall systems for nearshore effluent discharges on eroded sandy beaches

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Mathematical Models for Calculation of Mixing Zones for Coastal Effluent Discharges

Mathematical Models for Calculation of Mixing Zones for Coastal Effluent Discharges

Spreading of Nearshore Effluent Discharges on Eroded Sloping Sandy Beaches

Analytical Modeling on Dispersion of Nonconservative Pollutant on a Step Increase in Depth Flow

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