“…In particular, significant attention has been given to the modeling, construction and optimization of core components of central heating system, such as pipe networks and piping elements, radiators and other heating systems, boilers, etc. Furthermore, different control techniques have been applied to such systems in order to regulate temperature in heated areas, including classical and metaheuristic PID controllers [13−15] , fuzzy control schemes [16] , adaptive controllers [19] , optimal controllers [17] , etc.…”