Optimal Operation and Management for Smart Grid Subsumed High Penetration of Renewable Energy, Electric Vehicle, and Battery Energy Storage System

Abstract

Distributed generators (DG) and renewable energy sources have been attracting special attention in distribution systems in all over the world. Renewable energies, such as photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine generators are considered as green energy. However, a large amount of DG penetration causes voltage deviation beyond the statutory range and reverse power flow at interconnection points in the distribution system. If excessive voltage deviation occurs, consumer’s electric devices might break and reverse power flow will also has a negative impact on the transmission system. Thus, mass interconnections of DGs has an adverse effect on both of the utility and the customer. Therefore, reactive power control method is proposed previous research by using inverters attached DGs for prevent voltage deviations. Moreover, battery energy storage system (BESS) is also proposed for resolve reverse power flow. In addition, it is possible to supply high quality power for managing DGs and BESSs. Therefore, this paper proposes a method to maintain voltage, active power, and reactive power flow at interconnection points by using cooperative controlled of PVs, house BESSs, EVs, large BESSs, and existing voltage control devices. This paper not only protect distribution system, but also attain distribution loss reduction and effectivity management of control devices. Therefore mentioned control objectives are formulated as an optimization problem that is solved by using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. Modified scheduling method is proposed in order to improve convergence probability of scheduling scheme. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by case studies results and by using numerical simulations in MATLAB®.

A model for renewable-based power system simulation in the context of electricity trading market

“…The research on simulation methods for renewable-based power systems is still in its initial stages, with most of the research built upon existing power system operation and planning methods for wind and photovoltaic integration. These efforts can be categorized into several key approaches: (a) Achieving synergistic multi-energy system operation through equipment and technologies such as electric vehicles, power-to-gas, and combined heat and power, thereby enabling the effective assimilation of high proportions of renewable energy [1][2]. (b) Incorporating large-scale energy storage facilities and optimizing their operational strategies to enhance the integration of substantial levels of renewable energy [3][4][5].…”

Resilient and Sustainable PD-(1+PI) Controller for a Smart grid in Uncertain Environments

“…In recent years, the inclusion of renewable sources, storage devices with an option for two-way communication, and intelligent controllers have converted the conventional grid into a modern and smarter one [1]. Smart grids include PV, wind turbines, fuel cells, aqua electrolyzers, diesel engine generators for generation purposes, and storage devices like FESS, BESS, and Electric vehicles for storage purposes [2][3][4]. Charging electric vehicles takes power from the grid; at peak load, it supplies power to the grid [5,6].…”