The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of PDS compared to conventional CDI in the followup of 72 renal allograft patients. Renal allograft vascularization, assessed by PDS and COl, was scored from 0 to 4, where 0 was the cortical "blush" and 4 was residual central perfusion. These scores were correlated with the resistive index, serum creatinine levels, hematocrit, and, in 35 cases, biopsy results. PDS scores of renal perfusion were one grade lower than CDI scores in 59 of 72 patients and two grades lower in two of 72 patients. A statistically significant correlation was found between PDS scores and the R enal transplantations are performed with increasing frequency, which has Jed to a greater demand for the detection of vascu- Address correspondence and reprint requests to K. Turetschek, MD, Department of Radiology, University of Vienna, Wahringerglirtel18·20, 1090 Vienna, Austria. RI (r2 = 0.6, P < 0.05). However, no significant correlation was found between PDS scores and creatinine levels or hematocrit values. PDS scores are not related to histologic findings in renal allograft dysfunction. Overall, five biopsy-related arteriovenous fistulas were detected, two of which were missed on the initial PDS examination. In conclusion, PDS provides more complete visualization of the renal allograft vessel tree than CDI. However, biopsy-related arteriovenous fistulas are better seen by CDI. KEY WORDS: Ultrasonography, comparative studies; Power Doppler sonography; Kidney, transplantation. lar complications associated with these grafts.J-3 COl has been shown to be an accurate and reliable noninvasive technique for the evaluation of the hemodynamic characteristics of renal transplants.l CDI is based on the mean Doppler frequency shift, whereas PDS calculates the integrated energy of all flow signals.4 This energy is proportional to the area under the Doppler power spectrum. It has been demonstrated in native kidneys that visualization of even the most peripheral parts of the renal vessel tree by PDS is superior to CDJ.4,S Because some pathologic processes of renal allografts, such as acute rejection, affect primarily the capillary bed and small vessels, earlier and easier detection of hemodynamic alterations might be expected with PDS as compared to CDI. This could permit early treatment of these patients. Thus, our study was performed to compare PDS to CDI in the postoperative follow-up of renal allografts.