Optimal Long-Range-Wide-Area-Network Parameters Configuration for Internet of Vehicles Applications in Suburban Environments

Abstract

In this paper, the effect of Long-Range wireless technology parameters on signal propagation in suburban environments is investigated. Wireless propagation modeling provides information about the wireless channel and its impact on communication links. Received signal strength and coverage area are evaluated to determine signal path loss. The operating frequency of 433 MHz Long Range Wireless Area Network is utilized with different spreading factors, bandwidths, and code rates. Empirical propagation models are utilized to predict a mathematical model based on measured empirical signal strength in a suburban site in Baghdad City. The measured signal strength and signal-to-noise ratio values were obtained through drive tests in an Internet of Vehicles environment to design a network that could accurately report vehicle locations. The LoRa parameters affected the calculated path loss exponent, leading to various predictions in the network design. The path loss exponent exhibited instability due to the presence of obstacles and different long-range parameter settings. Path loss exponent deviation fluctuates due to bandwidth and spreading factor variations. Path loss exponent reduced at higher coding rates for more protection purposes. Packet ratio reception improved as the coding rate increased. To minimize the impact of the path loss on network design, an optimization policy was employed to determine the best parameters that resulted in the lowest path loss. The optimal path loss obtained at LoRa configuration parameters settings with spreading factor (7), bandwidth (500 kHz), and code rate (4/5).

ASSESSMENT OF SIGNALIZED INTERSECTION: A CASE STUDY IN BAGHDAD City by USING SIDRA SOFTWARE

“…SIDRA is renowned for having benefits over other software models when comparing the efficacy of various types of intersections. This has been the base of further studies in the ITS [24][25][26].…”

Design and Implementation of a Car’s Black Box System using Arduino

“…In the research [6], a car BBS with false traffic data, fine recording techniques and safety features was developed utilizing a 433MHz long-range wireless modulation technology and vehicular sensor network under the Internet of Vehicles idea. Sensors for gas and flame are employed in security approaches.…”

“…This type of data is typically obtained by investigators through rumour or questioning people who happen to be in the area at the time of the accident. Black boxes have been widely utilized in cars in recent years to identify the defective part that caused an accident [6].…”