Optimal load shedding in distributed networks with sigmoid cost functions

Multi‐stage coordinated dynamic VAR source placement for voltage stability enhancement of wind‐energy power system

“…Conventionally, the load shedding cost is modelled by a linear function, like (15), with priority factors assigned to each bus. This approach assumes that least amount of load shedding leads to least load shedding cost [22]. To better reflect the real practice and the differentiated impacts of loads on the voltage stability, three different load shedding cost functions are adopted as C i (x i, k ) considering different load priorities.…”

“…Besides, it has favourable characteristics for planning problems: flexibility for any topology and load profile, high efficiency, and no requirement for detailed load increment information. It is calculated as (21), where P l r, max and Q l r, max are determined by (22).…”

Examining the benefits of load shedding strategies using a rolling-horizon stochastic mixed complementarity equilibrium model

“…While being a common event in many developing countries, load shedding, particularly the rotational scheme is rather a measure of last resort in developed countries today, used by the system operator to avoid a total blackout of the power system. However, the increasing digitisation driven by ongoing developments in information and communication technology (ICT) enables the transformation of electricity distribution grids 1 towards active distribution grids [10,11,12] and provides the basis for smarter and more efficient (non-static) load shedding strategies. For instance, shedding load of a particular consumer would not need to result in a complete blackout for this consumer but could simply imply a partial load reduction ("brownout").…”

“…Low amounts of lost load, for instance, may only lead to low-cost effects (e.g., reduced illumination) whereas higher amounts of lost load may induce much higher losses across different consumer types [11]. In relation to the second limitation, a central planning optimisation does not take into account individual optimisation targets of different players.…”

“…The values of lost load of the active consumers (V OLL A k,t ) are calculated as the demand-weighted average of the industrial and commercial VOLLs. The calculation according to equations (10a) and (10b) is based on the idea that low amounts of lost or shed load lead to rather low-cost effects and that the marginal load shedding costs increase with increasing amounts of load shedding [11]. Equations (10a) and (10b) assume the marginal load shedding costs of the last MWh of demand that can be shed to be equal to the VOLL for each considered type of consumer.…”