Optimal integrated facility for waste processing

Economic and Environmental Analysis for Advancing Sustainable Management of Livestock Waste: A Wisconsin Case Study

“…For nutrient recovery, we consider five technology variants that take digestate AD as the input and produce P-concentrated products (cakes or struvite) and digestate as the output products. The conversion efficiencies and associated investment and operational costs have been estimated by using the models reported in Martı́n et al The first technology considered is based on reactive filtration where a metal slag is used as the filter medium. This technology produces 12.22 kg of cake 1 containing 0.57% P. The second technology is centrifugation with pretreatment, where a mixture of CaCO 3 and FeCl 3 is added to enhance the separation efficiency of P. A total of 37.73 kg of a nutrient-rich cake (cake 2 ) is produced containing 0.21% P. The next technology considered is coagulation flocculation, where first the digestate AD in the form of suspension is destabilized by reducing attractive forces.…”

“…Similarly, the cost of biogas cleaning and upgrading to pipeline quality biogas (biomethane) or liquefaction to liquefied biomethane is estimated using the six-tenths rule from the costs reported in Krich et al Krich et al estimate the technology cost for dairy farms in California based on the data collected from biogas upgrading plants in Sweden. For the case of nutrient recovery technologies (filtration, centrifugation, coagulation flocculation, FBR, and CSTR), the cost data were based on models reported in Martı́n et al…”

“…12 For nutrient recovery, we consider five technology variants that take digestate AD as the input and produce P-concentrated products (cakes or struvite) and digestate as the output products. The conversion efficiencies and associated investment and operational costs have been estimated by using the models reported in Martı ́n et al 35 The first technology considered is based on reactive filtration where a metal slag is used as the Pure Economic Analysis. We first investigate the waste treatment problem from a purely economic perspective.…”

Effective Use of Carbon Pricing on Climate Change Mitigation Projects: Analysis of the Biogas Supply Chain to Substitute Liquefied-Petroleum Gas in Mexico

“…The analysis corresponds to maximize the profit for sales of biogas and LPG considering that the energy demand is satisfied 10%, 20%, 50% and 100% for each town in the studied geographical region by either biogas or LPG. For the case of LPG, to obtain the annual incomes and GHG emissions, the amount of biogas demanded by the market is fixed to zero (F Bgp_dem k,m,p,t = 0), then only Equations (20), (21), (27) and (33) are activated in the model formulation.…”

“…Then, the substitution of LPG for natural gas depends on the existence of infrastructure (pipes) to distribute NG to every house, the prices of both fuels, and the readiness or economic capacity of users to connect to the NG network and pay a monthly fee for the service; therefore, because of limited NG network the LPG substitution for NG in Mexico is low and it does not have a promising outlook [17]. On the other hand, biogas is a valuable renewable energy source produced from biodegradable organic materials such as industrial waste, sewage sludge, animal manure, and agricultural resides via anaerobic digestion, which can be used as a source for thermal energy, electrical power or chemicals [18][19][20]. The main products of anaerobic digestion are methane-rich biogas and nutrient-rich digestion residue (digestate) that can be used as a fertilizer directly or after processing [21].…”