Optimal foraging and predator–prey dynamics III

Křivan, Vlastimil; Eisner, Jan

doi:10.1016/s0040-5809(03)00012-1

Cited by 64 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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Section: Structural and Functional Consequences Of Adaptive Foragingsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…1, panel a). This positive effect of adaptive foraging on diversity is suggested by theoretical works (Krivan 2003;Krivan & Eisner 2003) and observed in data from several experiments (reviewed in Bolker et al 2003). As diversity partly determines the degree of complexity of the community, this establishes a clear link between adaptive foraging and food web size.…”

Section: Effects Of Optimal Foraging On Stability and Co-existencementioning

confidence: 59%

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Consequences of adaptive foraging in diverse communities

Loeuille¹

2010

Functional Ecology

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Summary1. Selective pressures acting on foraging activities constrain the strength of interaction, hence the stability and energetic availability in food webs. 2. Because such selective pressures are usually measured at the individual level and because most experimental and theoretical works focus on simple settings, linking adaptive foraging with community scale patterns is still a far stretch. 3. Some recent models incorporate foraging adaptation in diverse communities. The models vary in the way they incorporate adaptation, via evolutionary or behavioural changes, and define individual fitness in various ways. 4. In spite of these differences, some general results linking adaptation to community structure and functioning emerge. In the present article, I introduce these different models and highlight their common results. 5. Adaptive foraging provides stability to large food web models and predicts successfully interaction patterns within food webs as well as other topological features such as food chain length. 6. The relationships between adaptive foraging and other structuring factors particularly depend on how well connected the local community is with surrounding communities (metacommunity aspect).

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Section: Structural and Functional Consequences Of Adaptive Foragingsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Effects Of Optimal Foraging On Stability and Co-existencementioning

confidence: 59%

Consequences of adaptive foraging in diverse communities

Loeuille¹

2010

Functional Ecology

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“…Mixed results have been obtained on the prey selection of pumas: While two studies concluded that pumas select for fawns of white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) and mule deer ( Odocoileus hemionus ) [18] [85], others found selection for adult mule deer [7]. Our results show that lynx kill a significant proportion of adults, in particular prime-age animals, which can have a strong impact on recruitment and population size of the prey population [86]. However, the observed selection for males is expected to reduce this impact [3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Selective Predation of a Stalking Predator on Ungulate Prey

et al. 2016

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Prey selection is a key factor shaping animal populations and evolutionary dynamics. An optimal forager should target prey that offers the highest benefits in terms of energy content at the lowest costs. Predators are therefore expected to select for prey of optimal size. Stalking predators do not pursue their prey long, which may lead to a more random choice of prey individuals. Due to difficulties in assessing the composition of available prey populations, data on prey selection of stalking carnivores are still scarce. We show how the stalking predator Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) selects prey individuals based on species identity, age, sex and individual behaviour. To address the difficulties in assessing prey population structure, we confirm inferred selection patterns by using two independent data sets: (1) data of 387 documented kills of radio-collared lynx were compared to the prey population structure retrieved from systematic camera trapping using Manly’s standardized selection ratio alpha and (2) data on 120 radio-collared roe deer were analysed using a Cox proportional hazards model. Among the larger red deer prey, lynx selected against adult males—the largest and potentially most dangerous prey individuals. In roe deer lynx preyed selectively on males and did not select for a specific age class. Activity during high risk periods reduced the risk of falling victim to a lynx attack. Our results suggest that the stalking predator lynx actively selects for size, while prey behaviour induces selection by encounter and stalking success rates.

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“…Predation plays a key role in shaping animal populations and communities through predator arrival timing, prey killed, and through the behavioural and life history decisions of both predators and prey (Lima and Dill 1990;Fryxell and Lundberg 1994;Olito and Fukami 2009). Predators can affect prey demography both through predation-associated mortality (direct effects; Krivan and Eisner 2003) and through the costs of anti-predator behavioural and physiological responses (indirect effects; Creel and Christianson 2008). The direct effects of predation on prey population dynamics can be dramatic (Sinclair et al 2003;Wittmer et al 2005); in contrast, the indirect effects of predation on prey population dynamics are generally less obvious.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predation, individual variability and vertebrate population dynamics

Pettorelli

Coulson²,

Durant³

et al. 2011

Oecologia

106

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Both predation and individual variation in life history traits influence population dynamics. Recent results from laboratory predator-prey systems suggest that differences between individuals can also influence predator-prey dynamics when different genotypes experience different predation-associated mortalities. Despite the growing number of studies in this field, there is no synthesis identifying the overall importance of the interactions between predation and individual heterogeneity and their role in shaping the dynamics of free-ranging populations of vertebrates. We aim to fill this gap with a review that examines how individual variability in prey susceptibility, in predation costs, in predator selectivity, and in predatory performance, might influence prey population dynamics. Based on this review, it is clear that (1) predation risk and costs experienced by free-ranging prey are associated with their phenotypic attributes, (2) many generalist predator populations consist of individual specialists with part of the specialization associated with their phenotypes, and (3) a complete understanding of the population dynamic consequences of predation may require information on individual variability in prey selection and prey vulnerability. Altogether, this work (1) highlights the importance of maintaining long-term, detailed studies of individuals of both predators and prey in contrasting ecological conditions, and (2) advocates for a better use of available information to account for interactive effects between predators and their prey when modelling prey population dynamics.

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Optimal foraging and predator–prey dynamics III

Cited by 64 publications

References 11 publications

Consequences of adaptive foraging in diverse communities

Consequences of adaptive foraging in diverse communities

Selective Predation of a Stalking Predator on Ungulate Prey

Predation, individual variability and vertebrate population dynamics

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