Drilling boreholes for the exploration of groundwater
incurs high
cost with potential risk of failures. However, borehole drilling should
only be done in regions with a high probability of faster and easier
access to water-bearing strata, so that groundwater resources can
be effectively managed. However, regional strati-graphic uncertainties
drive the decision of the optimal drilling location search. Unfortunately,
due to the unavailability of a robust solution, most contemporary
solutions rely on physical testing methods that are resource intensive.
In this regard, a pilot study is conducted to determine the optimal
borehole drilling location using a predictive optimization technique
that takes strati-graphic uncertainties into account. The study is
conducted in a localized region of the Republic of Korea using a real
borehole data set. In this study we proposed an enhanced Firefly optimization
algorithm based on an inertia weight approach to find an optimal location.
The results of the classification and prediction model serve as an
input to the optimization model to implement a well-crafted objective
function. For predictive modeling a deep learning based chained multioutput
prediction model is developed to predict groundwater-level and drilling
depth. For classification of soil color and land-layer a weighted
voting ensemble classification model based on Support Vector Machines,
Gaussian Naïve Bayes, Random Forest, and Gradient Boosted Machine
is developed. For weighted voting, an optimal set of weights is determined
using a novel hybrid optimization algorithm. Experimental results
validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. The proposed
classification model achieved an accuracy of 93.45% and 95.34% for
soil-color and land-layer, respectively. While the mean absolute error
achieved by proposed prediction model for groundwater level and drilling
depth is 2.89% and 3.11%, respectively. It is found that the proposed
predictive optimization framework can adaptively determine the optimal
borehole drilling locations for high strati-graphic uncertainty regions.
The findings of the proposed study provide an opportunity to the drilling
industry and groundwater boards to achieve sustainable resource management
and optimal drilling performance.