Optimal Er:YAG laser energy for preventing enamel demineralization

Liu, Jeng-Fen; Liu, Yuanyuan; Hsu, Chin‐Ying Stephen

doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2005.03.005

Cited by 59 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…[9][10][11][12][13][14] Furthermore, the results in the available literature regarding subablative Er:YAG laser irradiation as a method to increase enamel acid resistance for caries prevention have been contradictory. 15,16 One previous study evaluated enamel morphological changes and acid resistance after subablative Er:YAG laser irradiation. Although the acid resistance was not increased, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis on the enamel surface showed craters and cracks, 17 which may be sites of high risk sites for bacterial 1 accumulation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and Structural Changes on Human Dental Enamel After Er:YAG Laser Irradiation: AFM, SEM, and EDS Evaluation

Rodríguez‐Vilchis

Contreras‐Bulnes

Olea-Mejía

et al. 2011

Photomedicine and Laser Surgery

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate, using atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), the morphological and structural changes of the enamel after irradiation with the Er:YAG laser. Background data: A previous study showed that subablative Er:YAG laser irradiation produced undesirable morphological changes on the enamel surface, such as craters and cracks; however, the enamel acid resistance was not increased. Methods: Fifty-two samples of human enamel were divided into four groups (n ¼ 13): Group I was the control (no laser irradiation), whereas Groups II, III, and IV were irradiated with the Er:YAG 100 mJ (12.7 J /cm 2 ), 100 mJ (7.5 J/cm 2 ), and 150 mJ (11 J/cm 2 ), respectively, at 10 Hz with water spray. The morphological changes were observed by AFM and SEM. The weight percentages (wt%) of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), oxygen (O) and chlorine (Cl) were determined in the resultant craters and their periphery using EDS. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were performed ( p 0.05) to distinguish significant differences among the groups. Results: The AFM images showed cracks with depths between 250 nm and 750 nm for Groups II and IV, respectively, and the widths of these cracks were 5.37 mm and 2.58 mm. The interior of the cracks showed a rough surface. The SEM micrographs revealed morphological changes. Significant differences were detected in Ca, P, and Cl in the crater and its periphery. Conclusions: AFM observations showed triangular-shaped cracks, whereas craters and cracks were evident by SEM in all irradiated samples. It was not possible to establish a characteristic chemical pattern in the craters.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and Structural Changes on Human Dental Enamel After Er:YAG Laser Irradiation: AFM, SEM, and EDS Evaluation

Rodríguez‐Vilchis

Contreras‐Bulnes

Olea-Mejía

et al. 2011

Photomedicine and Laser Surgery

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“…8,9 Moreover, laser irradiation produced acid-resistant surfaces by altering the calcium to phosphate ratio and promoting the formation of less soluble compounds. [10][11][12] These specific characteristics of Er:YAG laser suggest the question of whether the laser etching of enamel could be effective in preventing enamel demineralization around brackets when this technique is used routinely in clinical practice. However, it should be noted that successful orthodontic treatment depends upon the bond strengths of the orthodontic brackets.dissimilar adhesive systems.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Different Combinations of Er:YAG Laser-Adhesives on Enamel Demineralization and Bracket Bond Strength

Çokakoğlu

Nalçacı

Üşümez

et al. 2016

Photomedicine and Laser Surgery

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the demineralization around brackets and shear bond strength (SBS) of brackets bonded to Er:YAG laser-irradiated enamel at different power settings with various adhesive systems combinations. Methods: A total of 108 premolar teeth were used in this study. Teeth were assigned into three groups according to the etching procedure, then each group divided into three subgroups based on the application of different adhesive systems. There were a total of nine groups as follows. Group 1: Acid + Transbond XT Primer; group 2: Er:YAG (100 mJ, 10 Hz) etching + Transbond XT Primer; group 3: Er:YAG (200 mJ, 10 Hz) etching + Transbond XT Primer; group 4: Transbond Plus self-etching primer (SEP); group 5: Er:YAG (100 mJ, 10 Hz) etching + Transbond Plus SEP; group 6: Er:YAG (200 mJ, 10 Hz) etching + Transbond Plus SEP; group 7: Clearfil Protect Bond; group 8: Er:YAG (100 mJ, 10 Hz) etching + Clearfil Protect Bond; group 9: Er:YAG (200 mJ, 10 Hz) etching + Clearfil Protect Bond. Brackets were bonded with Transbond XT Adhesive Paste in all groups. Teeth to be evaluated for demineralization and SBS were exposed to pH and thermal cyclings, respectively. Then, demineralization samples were scanned with micro-CT to determine lesion depth values. For SBS test, a universal testing machine was used and adhesive remnant was index scored after debonding. Data were analyzed statistically. Results: No significant differences were found among the lesion depth values of the various groups, except for G7 and G8, in which the lowest values were recorded. The lowest SBS values were in G7, whereas the highest were in G9. The differences between the other groups were not significant. Conclusions: Er:YAG laser did not have a positive effect on prevention of enamel demineralization. When two step self-etch adhesive is preferred for bonding brackets, laser etching at 1 W (100 mJ, 10 Hz) is suggested to improve SBS of brackets.

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“…pH-Cycling Process A 3-day pH-cycling scheme was performed, with an 18-hour demineralization followed by a 6-hour remineralization, at 37 o C. 22 The demineralizing solution at pH 4.2 contained 0.05M acetic acid, 2.2mM calcium chloride, 2.2mM monosodium phosphate, 0.1M sodium chloride, 2.3mM sodium fluoride and 0.3M sodium azide. The remineralizing solution at pH 7 contained the same formulation, except citric acid.…”

Section: Microhardness and Diagnodent Values Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Effect of Different Laser Activated Bleaching Methods on Enamel Susceptibility to Caries; An In Vitro Mode

Ashnagar¹,

Monzavi

Abbasi

et al. 2017

J Lasers Med Sci

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IntroductionIn recent years, tooth whitening has become one of the most growing oral care sectors, boosted by patients, demanding both healthy mouth and attractive smile.1 As tooth color relies on the composition of tooth tissues, any chemical, mechanical or biological change can damage the esthetic equilibrium of the smile.2 Bleaching is a simple, non-restorative and noninvasive treatment for discolored teeth that is capable of satisfaction of the high demanding patients. So it has attracted much interest from the profession. Bleaching systems today are based on hydrogen peroxide as the active agent and are often activated by heat or light.3 Hydrogen peroxide acts as a strong oxidizing agent through the formation of free radicals and reactive molecules which attack dark colored macromolecules and break them into smaller and less colored ones. 4 Although other products such as carbamide peroxide or sodium perborate are available for bleaching, hydrogen peroxide is still considered to be the most effective and popular agent, since it is available in a range of formulations, concentrations and activation modes. In-office bleaching can provide significant brightness after only one session of treatment, but achievement of optimum results may require multiple sessions or longer time of application of the bleaching agents. 6,7 However, this may increase the risk of tooth sensitivity 8 and cause certain amount of enamel matrix degradation. 9Acceleration of hydrogen peroxide decomposition can be carried out through energy absorption from external source of energy like heat or laser, providing better patient compliance and may eradicate the side effects of high concentrated hydrogen peroxide.10,11 Because of tooth temperature concerns, lasers are now more preferred. Lasers such as diode (LED), halogen, Nd:YAG etc can be highlighted. Abstract Introduction: Today, bleaching is a routine noninvasive alternative for treatment of discolored teeth. The aim of this study was to determine whether conventional or laser activated bleaching predispose teeth to develop caries or not. Methods: Sixty human molars were mounted on acrylic cylinders and their Knoop microhardness (KHN) as well as DIAGNOdent (DD) values were recorded. They were divided into 4 experimental groups; G1) conventional bleaching with 40% hydrogen peroxide gel, G2) Diode laser assisted bleaching with same gel, G3) Nd:YAG laser assisted bleaching with the same gel, G4) control group. After bleaching, all samples were subjected to a three day pH cycling regimen and then, KHN and DD values were measured. Results: All groups had significant reduction in KHN values. It seems that there is no statistically meaningful difference between changes in enamel microhardness of the sample groups and all groups have changed in a similar amount. Reduction of DD scores were significant in Diode laser and conventional groups, however changes in Nd:YAG laser and control groups were not significant. Changes in DD values have followed a similar pattern among groups, except in G1-G4 a...

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Optimal Er:YAG laser energy for preventing enamel demineralization

Cited by 59 publications

References 26 publications

Morphological and Structural Changes on Human Dental Enamel After Er:YAG Laser Irradiation: AFM, SEM, and EDS Evaluation

Morphological and Structural Changes on Human Dental Enamel After Er:YAG Laser Irradiation: AFM, SEM, and EDS Evaluation

Effects of Different Combinations of Er:YAG Laser-Adhesives on Enamel Demineralization and Bracket Bond Strength

Evaluation of the Effect of Different Laser Activated Bleaching Methods on Enamel Susceptibility to Caries; An In Vitro Mode

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