Optimal energy management of a hybrid electric bus with a battery-supercapacitor storage system using genetic algorithm

Herrera, Víctor Isaac; Saez-de-Ibarra, Andoni; Milo, Aitor; Gaztañaga, Haizea; Camblong, Haritza

doi:10.1109/esars.2015.7101452

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Storage hybridization has already been proven beneficial for larger EVs. Such implementations include tramways [59,61], buses [101,102], and light rail vehicles [103].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Personal Electric Vehicles Sustainable? A Hybrid E-Bike Case Study

Machedon-Pisu

Borza

2019

Sustainability

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As the title suggests, the sustainability of personal electric vehicles is in question. In terms of life span, range, comfort, and safety, electric vehicles, such as e-cars and e-buses, are much better than personal electric vehicles, such as e-bikes. However, electric vehicles present greater costs and increased energy consumption. Also, the impact on environment, health, and fitness is more negative than that of personal electric vehicles. Since transportation vehicles can benefit from hybrid electric storage solutions, we address the following question: Is it possible to reach a compromise between sustainability and technology constraints by implementing a low-cost hybrid personal electric vehicle with improved life span and range that is also green? Our methodology consists of life cycle assessment and performance analyses tackling the facets of the sustainability challenges (economy, society, and environment) and limitations of the electric storage solutions (dependent on technology and application) presented herein. The hybrid electric storage system of the proposed hybrid e-bike is made of batteries, supercapacitors, and corresponding power electronics, allowing the optimal control of power flows between the system's components and application's actuators.Our hybrid e-bike costs less than a normal e-bike (half or less), does not depend on battery operation for short periods of time (a few seconds), has better autonomy than most personal electric vehicles (more than 60 km), has a greater life span (a few years more than a normal e-bike), has better energy efficiency (more than 90%), and is much cleaner due to the reduced number of batteries replaced per life time (one instead of two or three).

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“…Storage hybridization has already been proven beneficial for larger EVs. Such implementations include tramways [59,61], buses [101,102], and light rail vehicles [103].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Personal Electric Vehicles Sustainable? A Hybrid E-Bike Case Study

Machedon-Pisu

Borza

2019

Sustainability

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“…The cycle life of batteries depends on its SOC, so the SOC of batteries SOC Bat should be limited to a certain range [21]. When SOC Bat is lower than 20%, the discharge resistance of the battery rapidly increases and the open circuit voltage changes rapidly decrease.…”

Section: The Battery Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Real-Time Layer-Adaptive Wavelet Transform Energy Distribution Strategy in a Hybrid Energy Storage System of EVs

et al. 2019

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In this paper, a real-time energy distribution strategy is designed by a layer-adaptive wavelet transform algorithm and proposed to meet the load power demand while distributing the high-frequency component to supercapacitors and the low-frequency component to batteries in a hybrid energy storage system. In the proposed method, the number of decomposition layers of wavelet transform corresponding to the load power is adaptively determined by dividing the operation zone of supercapacitors into eight cases to respectively distribute the low frequency component to batteries and the remaining high frequency component to supercapacitors. Firstly, since the state of charge of supercapacitors decreases faster as the decomposition layers increases, the state of charge of supercapacitors is divided into eight cases of operation zones. Secondly, since supercapacitors act as the peak power buffer unit, the corresponding number of decomposition layers is finally adaptively determined according to the operation zone of supercapacitors. An experiment testbed is built to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Extensive experiment results show that the proposed method provides a better real-time energy sharing between supercapacitors and batteries when compared with the conditional method.

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“…On this scenario a BT model of a voltage source in series with a resistance was considered [9]. The input of the BT model is the power ( ) injected/absorbed from/to the BT.…”

Section: A Battery Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pink circles denote the stages where the ESS (SC-based) has not enough energy to supply the tramway and complete the travel to the next overhead-line zone. It is worth to mention that the minimum SOC SC is limited to 25%, over which the voltage of the SC pack is able to supply energy [9]. The provisional Fig.…”

Section: B Sc-based and Hybrid Ess Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Operation Mode Control and Sizing of a Battery-Supercapacitor Based Tramway

Herrera¹,

Gaztanga²,

Milo³

et al. 2015

2015 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)

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In this paper an optimal operation mode control for a tramway with a hybrid energy storage system (battery+supercapacitor) is presented. The optimization process to obtain the setpoints for the control strategy is done by mean of multi-objective genetic algorithm (GA). The objective fitness functions are based on a cost model considering: the energy absorbed from the catenary, the battery+supercapacitor cycling cost and the cost of the lost energy in the crowbar. The aim of the proposed approach is to minimize the daily operating cost of the tramway taking into account the degradation of the energy storage systems and fulfilling the performance of the tramway in the catenary-less zone. Furthermore, a sizing analysis is done by comparing the proposed solution with a base scenario (supercapacitor based) to evaluate the impact on the daily operating cost under several unscheduled-stop events during the trip.

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Optimal energy management of a hybrid electric bus with a battery-supercapacitor storage system using genetic algorithm

Cited by 24 publications

References 7 publications

Are Personal Electric Vehicles Sustainable? A Hybrid E-Bike Case Study

Are Personal Electric Vehicles Sustainable? A Hybrid E-Bike Case Study

A Real-Time Layer-Adaptive Wavelet Transform Energy Distribution Strategy in a Hybrid Energy Storage System of EVs

Optimal Operation Mode Control and Sizing of a Battery-Supercapacitor Based Tramway

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