Optimal energy management for a diesel hybrid electric vehicle considering transient PM and quasi-static NOx emissions

Modeling analysis of urea direct injection on the NO x emission reduction of biodiesel fueled diesel engines

“…It was further concluded that the biodiesel nanoemulsion with 5% water concentration produced similar engine power and torque to that of B5 fuel, suggesting that emulsion technology could be a promising strategy to reduce engine harmful emissions. Besides the above technologies, there are also some researchers [18,19] looking into engine optimization strategies to reduce the NO x emissions. For example, Al-Dawody and Bhatti [18] attempted different strategies to eliminate biodiesel NO x effect on the B20 blend of soybean methyl ester (SME).…”

Nonlinear model predictive energy management controller with load and cycle prediction for non-road HEV

“…Feasibility of the proposed control concept: The feasibility of the control concept is mainly dependent on the applied phlegmatisation rates, which reduce emissions (Nüesch et al, 2014), but restrict the engine dynamics significantly. A comparison of different phlegmatisation rates ΔT ice;max between 500 Nm/s and 5000 Nm/s showed that a rate of 500 Nm/s achieves high emission reductions, but may not be feasible for cycles with higher load gradients.…”

“…Emission reductions can be achieved by limiting the gradient of the ICE torque (phlegmatisation) (Lindenkamp & Tilch, 2012;Nüesch et al, 2014), while fuel consumption can be reduced by lowering the average rotational speed (downspeeding). Both strategies limit the ICE dynamics significantly, which is disadvantageous for high dynamic requirements in non-road application.…”

A Generalized Approach for Verifying the Emission Benefits of Off-Road Hybrid Mobile Sources

“…For example, Silva et al [5] addressed cycles beyond SAE J1711 in a discussion of energy and emissions. Taymaz et al [6] estimated effects of mixed hybrid systems on fuel consumption and emissions using a road simulation program, while Nüesch et al [7] reported on the difficulties in design of optimal energy management strategies to balance transient particulate matter (PM) emissions, nitrogen oxide (NO x ) emissions, and fuel efficiency for a diesel-electric vehicle. Davies et al [8] investigated consumer use patterns and operating conditions on energy and emission benefits of plug-in hybrid vehicles.…”