Optimal efficiency of fuel cell/battery hybrid power management

Abstract

This paper proposes an optimal efficiency of fuel cell/battery hybrid power management system. The research evaluated the characteristics of fuel cell and battery to predict the efficiency and state of charge. The optimization hybrid power management controls the percentage of each power according to the demand power and efficiency. The simulation results show the proposed strategy achieves the goal of promoting the efficiency of hybrid power management.

Investigation of PEM Fuel Cell Characteristics in Steady and Dynamic Operation Modes

“…The dependence of UPEMFC on the load current (IPEMFC) reflects the volt-ampere characteristic (V-I curve) of the fuel cell (Figure 1). Three areas of loss in the fuel cell can be distinguished on the V-I curve [4,16,21,22]: activation losses, ohmic losses and concentration losses.…”

“…The value of UPEMFC is less than the theoretically possible voltage by the amount of voltage loss in the fuel cell: Three areas of loss in the fuel cell can be distinguished on the V-I curve [4,16,21,22]: activation losses, ohmic losses and concentration losses.…”

“…The output voltages of batteries, compared to fuel cells in load fluctuation, have faster responses [4]. The combined use of PEMFCs and batteries provide the smoother output characteristics of the HEC.…”

“…However, the problem of integrating PEMFCs into power supply systems is associated with insufficient maneuverability of the fuel cell. The operation of fuel cells during sudden increases in load is characterized by the fuel starvation problem [4]. The solution is the integrated use of PEMFCs with storage systems based on batteries in a single hybrid energy complex (HEC).…”

Output power regulation system for portable micro fuel cell systems

“…Though similar concepts have been applied to vehicle hybrid power systems (Fu et al, 2019), controlling the fuel cell stack's output power is rarely introduced in micro-sized and low-voltage systems. Works in hybrid power systems combine electric power storage with fuel cell stacks, usually focusing on tracking the fuel cell's maximum power (Ramos et al, 2007;Karami et al, 2012) to fit the system's fuel flow (Matsuo et al, 2006) or maintain the fuel cell stack in a high-efficiency zone (Hsu et al, 2012). These works have achieved success in fuel cell power control, but recent works have usually focused on control algorithms, while few works have focused on actual system implementation.…”