Optimal Distributed Control of AC Microgrids With Coordinated Voltage Regulation and Reactive Power Sharing

Mohiuddin, Sheik M.; Qi, Junjian

doi:10.1109/tsg.2022.3147446

Cited by 36 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…While the above-mentioned control schemes can provide average voltage regulation, they may result in large deviations in the individual voltages of the IBRs, violating the limits provided by grid standards, e.g., IEEE 1547 [36]. Therefore, in many applications, constraining the individual voltages within limits (voltage containment) seems to be a more practical objective [34], [35], [37], [38]. In [34], [37], the problem is formulated as an optimization problem, and some controllers based on the primal-dual gradient method are developed.…”

Section: A Literature Review and Research Gapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, in many applications, constraining the individual voltages within limits (voltage containment) seems to be a more practical objective [34], [35], [37], [38]. In [34], [37], the problem is formulated as an optimization problem, and some controllers based on the primal-dual gradient method are developed. However, these methods require knowledge of the grid model and exchange a relatively large amount of information among the IBRs.…”

Section: A Literature Review and Research Gapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The works in [7]- [19] have studied either regulation of the individual IBR voltages or reactive power sharing, but not both, while none of the papers in [7]- [33] have considered the operational IBR voltage limits. The accuracy of reactive power sharing and voltage regulation/containment under the proposed controllers in [20]- [25], [34], [35], [37], [38], depends strongly on the choice of control parameters such that if not properly designed, even when steady-state reactive power sharing under voltage limits is possible, these controllers may not provide it. Finally, a rigorous study of stability and synchronization of the power network considering the coupling between angle and voltage dynamics is absent in the above works.…”

Section: A Literature Review and Research Gapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Distributed Optimization for Reactive Power Sharing and Stability of Inverter-Based Resources Under Voltage Limits

Abdolmaleki¹,

Simpson-Porco²,

Bergna-Diaz³

2023

Preprint

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Reactive power sharing and containment of voltages within limits for inverter-based resources (IBRs) are two important, yet coupled objectives in ac networks. In this article, we propose a distributed control technique to simultaneously achieve these objectives. Our controller consists of two components: a purely local nonlinear integral controller which adjusts the IBR voltage setpoint, and a distributed primal-dual optimizer that coordinates reactive power sharing between the IBRs. The controller prioritizes the voltage containment objective over reactive power sharing at all points in time; excluding the IBRs with saturated voltages, it provides reactive power sharing among all the IBRs. Considering the voltage saturation and the coupling between voltage and angle dynamics, a formal closed-loop stability analysis based on singular perturbation theory is provided, yielding practical tuning guidance for the overall control system. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed controller for different case studies, we apply it to a low-voltage microgrid and a microgrid adapted from the CIGRE medium-voltage network benchmark, both simulated in the MATLAB/Simulink environment.

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Section: A Literature Review and Research Gapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Literature Review and Research Gapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Literature Review and Research Gapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Distributed Optimization for Reactive Power Sharing and Stability of Inverter-Based Resources Under Voltage Limits

Abdolmaleki¹,

Simpson-Porco²,

Bergna-Diaz³

2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…From the viewpoint of the time scale of MG modeling, secondary control can also be classified into steady-state and transient-state. In the first class, partial high-level dynamics (e.g., derivative of droop equations) [11], [12] or even only steady states [13], [14] are considered by using power flow equations to model the MG. These methods have notable scalability for regulating steady-state voltage and frequency in high-dimensional MG.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safe and Stable Secondary Voltage Control of Microgrids Based on Explicit Neural Networks

Zhang

Wang

2023

IEEE Trans. Smart Grid

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This paper proposes a novel safety-critical secondary voltage control method based on explicit neural networks (NNs) for islanded microgrids (MGs) that can guarantee any state inside the desired safety bound even during the transient. Firstly, an integrator is introduced in the feedback loop to fully eliminate the steady-state error caused by primary control. Then, considering the impact of secondary control on the stability of the whole system, a set of transient stability and safety constraints is developed. In order to achieve online implementation that requires fast computation, an explicit NN-based secondary voltage controller is designed to cast the time-consuming constrained optimization in the offline NN training phase, by leveraging the local Lipschitzness of activation functions. Specially, instead of using the NN as a black box, the explicit representation of NN is substituted into the closed-loop MG for transferring the stability and safety constraints. Finally, the NN is trained by safe imitation learning, where an optimization problem is formulated by maximizing the imitation accuracy and volume of the stable region while satisfying the stability and safety constraints. Thus, the safe and stable region is approximated that any trajectory initiates within will converge to the equilibrium while bounded by safety conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified on a prototype MG with detailed dynamics.

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“…Active power curtailment of DGs in voltage regulation process leads to underutilization of DG sites. Many coordinated voltage regulation schemes for distribution systems with distributed generation and energy storage systems were proposed in [19][20][21][22][23]. However, control algorithms used in these voltage control schemes assume that voltage profile of the system is readily available, and based on available node voltages, control actions will be initiated for voltage regulating devices in the system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voltage Profile Analysis in Smart Grids Using Online Estimation Algorithm

Raghavendra¹,

Nuvvula²,

Kumar³

et al. 2022

Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering

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Voltage rise is the main obstacle to prevent the increase of distributed generators (DGs) in low-voltage (LV) distribution grids. In order to maintain the power quality and voltage levels within the tolerance limit, new measurement techniques and intelligent devices along with digital communications should be used for better utilization of the distribution grid. This paper presents a real-time sensor-based online voltage profile estimation technique and coordinated Volt/VAR control in smart grids with distributed generator interconnection. An algorithm is developed for voltage profile estimation using real-time sensor remote terminal unit (RTU) which takes into account topological characteristics, such as radial structure and high R/X ratio, of the smart distribution grid with DG systems. A coordinated operation of multiple generators with on-load tap changing (OLTC) transformer for Volt/VAR control in smart grids has been presented. Direct voltage sensitivity analysis is used to select a single DG system for reactive power support in multi-DG environment. The on-load tap changing transformer is employed for voltage regulation when generators’ reactive power contributions are not enough to regulate the voltages. Simulation results show that the reported method is capable of maintaining voltage levels within the tolerance limit by coordinated operation of DG systems and on-load tap changing transformer.

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Optimal Distributed Control of AC Microgrids With Coordinated Voltage Regulation and Reactive Power Sharing

Cited by 36 publications

References 50 publications

Distributed Optimization for Reactive Power Sharing and Stability of Inverter-Based Resources Under Voltage Limits

Distributed Optimization for Reactive Power Sharing and Stability of Inverter-Based Resources Under Voltage Limits

Safe and Stable Secondary Voltage Control of Microgrids Based on Explicit Neural Networks

Voltage Profile Analysis in Smart Grids Using Online Estimation Algorithm

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