Optimal Dispatching of Active Distribution Networks Based on Load Equilibrium

Abstract

This paper focuses on the optimal intraday scheduling of a distribution system that includes renewable energy (RE) generation, energy storage systems (ESSs), and thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs). This system also provides time-of-use pricing to customers. Unlike previous studies, this study attempts to examine how to optimize the allocation of electric energy and to improve the equilibrium of the load curve. Accordingly, we propose a concept of load equilibrium entropy to quantify the overall equilibrium of the load curve and reflect the allocation optimization of electric energy. Based on this entropy, we built a novel multi-objective optimal dispatching model to minimize the operational cost and maximize the load curve equilibrium. To aggregate TCLs into the optimization objective, we introduced the concept of a virtual power plant (VPP) and proposed a calculation method for VPP operating characteristics based on the equivalent thermal parameter model and the state-queue control method. The Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm was employed to solve the optimization problems. The simulation results illustrated that the proposed dispatching model can achieve cost reductions of system operations, peak load curtailment, and efficiency improvements, and also verified that the load equilibrium entropy can be used as a novel index of load characteristics.

Entropy‐based dispatching: academic insights and perspectives through bibliometric analysis

“…China accounts for 70% among the top 10 high‐yield institutions. North China Electric Power University [44, 51, 64–68] ranks first with the largest number of publications, followed by South China University of Technology [54, 69–72] and University of Oxford [20, 55, 73, 74]. As for TC, the total number of papers published by Northeastern University ‐ China is only 2, but its total number of citations is the most (160) [26, 27], followed by Huazhong University of Science and Technology (120) [47, 56, 75].…”

Multiobjective Scheduling of an Active Distribution Network Based on Coordinated Optimization of Source Network Load

“…The estimation probability is expressed by the large number theorem; that is, the chance constraint condition, such as (17) and (18), holds if and only if the probability condition is satisfied.…”